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Health Statistics 



OF 



Women College Gbaditates. 



Ketort or a Special Committee of the Association 
of Collegiate Alumnae, 

ANNIE G. HOWES, Chairman, 

Together with Statistical Tables collated by the 
Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor. 



BOSTON : 

WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS, 

18 Post Office Square. 

1885. 



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CONTENTS. 



Page 

Refort of Annie G. Howes, 5-18 

Report of Mass. Bureau of Statistics of Labor, 19-78 

Introduction, 19-21 

The table of colleges or universities of the United States included in the 

Association, 21 

Conditions of Childhood, . 21-25 

Parent nativity, 22 

Childhood spent in city or country, 22 

Childhood spent in city or country. Summary, 22 

Out-door exercise, between eight and fourteen years of age, ... 23 

Age at beginning study, etc., 23 

Age at entering college, 24 

Age at graduating from college, 24 

Present age, 25 

College Conditions, 25, 26 

College study, 26 

College worry, 26 

Kind of exercise, 26 

Amount of exercise, 26 

College habits, 26 

Number abstaining from exercise during menstrual period, ... 26 

Entered society during college life, 26 

College room-mate, 26 

Conditions Since Praduation, 27-30 

Post-graduate occupations, 27 

Post-graduate occupations. Averages, 28 

Conjugal condition, and number reporting children, .... 28 

Present age and health of children living, 29 

Number of children who have died, and cause of death, ... 29 

Conjugal condition, and number of children. Summary, ... 30 

Number of graduates who have died, and cause of death, ... 30 

Individual Health, 30-37 

Physical condition, 30, 31 

Nervousness, 32 

Age at beginning of the menstrual period, ...... 32 



CONTENTS. 

Page 
Individual Health — Con. 

Conditions attending the menstrual periods, 32, 33 

Number of graduates reporting disorders, 34 

Number of disorders, 34 

Disorders 34-36 

Causes of disorders, etc 36, 37 

Comparison* Tables, 37-59 

Parent nativity as compared with present health, . . . . 37, 38 

Out-door exercise as compared with present health 39, 40 

Age at beginning study as compared with present health, . . .40, 41 
Age at entering college as compared with present health, . . . 41,42 
Time of entering college after beginning of menstrual period as com- 
pared with present health 43-45 

Health of parents as compared with present health of graduates, . 45-47 
Hereditary tendency to disease as compared with present health, . .48, 49 
Age at entering college as compared with health during college life, . 49, 50 
College study and college worry as compared with health during col- 
lege life, 51, 52 

Present health of graduates who entered society a good deal during 

college life, 52 

Health at time of entering and during college life of graduates who 

studied severely at college, as compared with present health, . . 53, 54 
Number of graduates who studied severely at college reporting dis- 
orders, as compared with present health, 55 

Number of disorders reported by graduates who studied severely at 

college 56 

Disorders reported by graduates who studied severely at college, . . 56, 57 
Time and causes of disorders reported by graduates who studied 

severely at college, 58, 59 

Review of the Tables, 58-74 

Summary of Results, 74-78 



ASSOCIATION OF COLLEGIATE ALUMNA. 



REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON HEALTH STATISTICS. 
Annie G. Howes, Chairman. 



Presented May 16, 1885. 



The justice of a law of liberty that shall allow all individuals, 
women as well as men, the privilege of growing to the full 
stature of their mental possibilities has been more fully recog- 
nized in this country than elsewhere as is proved by the oppor- 
tunities for intellectual training offered to women. Unless this 
freedom of mental action lies in harmony with the universal 
physical and moral laws of Nature, liberty has overstepped the 
boundaries of legitimacy and become license, a policy of dis- 
cord sure to end only in evil results. It is because such a cry 
of "license" has been raised against a college education for 
women that this Association, representing the women of this 
country who have received a college degree, bent its energies 
to the task of discovering upon what actual basis the claims 
regarding the physical incapacity of college women rest. 

A series of forty questions, prepared with the utmost care, 
was submitted to the alumnse of the colleges included in the 
Association and answers were received from 705 women. 
Through the kindness of the Massachusetts Bureau of Statis- 
tics of Labor, the papers have been examined and the replies 
tabulated. 

Before referring to the statistical facts which our researches 
have revealed, it may be well to glance a little at the environ- 
ment of the college girl of to-day and the weight it would 
possess to influence her physical being for good or evil. A 
college education for women is after all but one of the phases 



6 REPORT OF SPECIAL COMMITTEE. 

of our modern civilization and it is unfair to assume that to it 
alone must be attributed any loss of physical strength that a 
college bred woman may suffer. It is but just to attempt to 
present a broad view of life that " shall see it steadily and see 
it whole." It is as true of generations as of individuals that 
no man liveth to himself and no man dicth to himself. In 
endeavoring to estimate the strength or weakness of the physi- 
cal and mental forces that enter into the life of a woman of our 
day we must allow a large margin for the legacy of benefactions 
and evils to which she has fallen heir. So conscious have we 
become in these latter days of the power of one generation to 
impress its physical, mental and moral eccentricities upon suc- 
ceeding lives that we are in great danger of underrating the 
strength of individuality and the force nature constantly exerts 
to return to her normal standard. Life is not simple automatic 
action despite the views of ultra-evolutionists. In large pro- 
portion our women college graduates are descended from Ameri- 
can parentage : 587 out of our 705 responses claim both parents 
as natives of the United States of America. They have inherited 
the special characteristics of our New England ancestors. The 
Northern and North-western States furnish by far the larger 
number of college students; the Southern States have had 
but few representatives. We may safely say that the Puritan 
element enters largely into the composition of the charac- 
ters of the women who attend our colleges. "With all its 
splendid virtues we know well the evil] that accompanies the 
introspective, self-accusing spirit of Puritanism, the morbid 
sense of justice and over-scrupulosity that are too frequently 
its manifestations, and the worriment and consequent dissatis- 
faction with life it produces. Must we not ascribe in great 
measure to constitutional tendencies the worriment over their 
work to which so large a number of college women plead 
guilty ; an evil whose surest antidote is to be found in the 
truer conception of life which a broader culture brings. The 
habitual tendency of our American women to worry over life 
is claimed to be at the bottom of more than one-half of those 
nervous diseases to which American women are specially prone. 
Some of the clearest thinkers among physicians are now urg- 
ing that the healthy mental stimulus of a college training is 
the best specific for this evil. "We cannot think that our fore- 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 7 

mothers, whose lives were spent with very limited knowledge 
of the many laws of sanitary science which guard our own, 
can have passed down to us a dowry of perfect physical 
strength. Even the opponents of higher education admit the 
force of this fact. An English physician says : " The fact is, 
if we and our families were thoroughly healthy in original 
constitution the educationalists and their present over-enthusi- 
astic methods would not hurt our daughters so very much, 
perhaps, at least, not permanently. It is because few persons 
now-a-days have faultless constitutions and few families are 
altogether free from some tendency to disease, that one needs 
now to be more careful of the constitutions of the mothers of 
the next generation." It is difficult to estimate what propor- 
tion of our bodily weakness must be traced to former ignorance 
of the laws of hygiene, but from what record tells us of the 
lives of the olden New England dames, they frequently sinned 
against Nature and we suffer the penalties of their transgres- 
sions. Again we must bear in mind that the study we have 
made to order our lives in accordance with the laws of sanitary 
science has tended to bring to maturity many a fragile exist- 
ence which in former generations would have been blighted in 
early youth. Such lives among us tend to increase the ratio 
of weak to strong physiques. It is not rare to find among 
these delicately organized women minds of unusual mental 
force who seek a congenial atmosphere within a college build- 
ing, but whose presence helps to lower the ratio of physical 
strength. Another fertile cause of the overtax made upon the 
nervous strength to-day has been the rapid discovery of inven- 
tions which wonderfully enlarge the scope of thought and 
action. Electricity and steam have practically annihilated the 
limits of time and space, and put a severe pressure upon the 
mental power of men and women to grasp the wider knowledge 
and more varied interests which are thus brought into their 
consciousness. The healthy physical development of women 
is at a disadvantage compared with that of man from the 
requirements of dress. The dress of man fairly meets the 
conditions of health even though it may sadly fail to satisfy 
the esthetic sense. But fashion, who tyrannizes over the lives 
of most women, is no devotee of physical science, and persists 
in her baleful caprices despite the misery to which she gives 



8 REPORT OF SPECIAL COMMITTEE. 

rise. Here again is an evil open to the remedy of a better 
knowledge of physiology and of the relentless vengeance of 
thwarted Nature, knowledge that a college training can amply 
supply. If a better education brings with it fuller obedience 
to the laws of health in regard to dress, is it not injustice to 
arraign it as antagonistic to the best physical development of 
women ? 

The social customs of modern life demand a calmness of ex- 
pression and a reserve of feeling which are only gained at the 
expense of much nervous force. The heroines of our tales 
to-day no longer swoon or give way to passion in a flood of 
tears. Those feminine outlets for excessive excitement are 
tabooed. The braver and harder task is theirs of bearing dis- 
appointment with an outward smile at the cost of much vital 
energy. 

It may not be irrelevant to mention also the effect of our 
American climate upon the health of our people. The more 
rapid and greater changes of temperature experienced here 
than elsewhere, and the dryness of the atmosphere as compared 
with that in other civilized countries, give rise to more exposure 
and more trying hygienic conditions. The climatic effects of our 
country are at once noted by foreigners in the stimulus and 
general exaltation of feeling which are produced, but the vital 
force is too rapidly exhausted and ono is left without reserve 
powers of endurance. 

We have briefly outlined the conditions which handicap the 
physical progress of all women of our day, whether or no they 
attempt to take advantage of the opportunities offered for pur- 
suing their education beyond the point their mothers attained. 
That a college education perse did not first call public notice to 
the lack of vigor on the part of our American women is proved 
by the fact that attention was drawn to the evil through various 
sources before colleges for women existed. An article may be 
found in an old number of the Putnam's magazine, entitled "The 
Little Health of American Women," which was published some 
half dozen years before Vassar, the first college for women, 
was founded. The writer of the article makes no mention of 
excessive mental labor as productive of the distressing state 
of affairs, but thinks the conditions of the times sufficient to 
account for the general physical deterioration. 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 9 

Having prepared ourselves- to take into proper estimation 
the force which oar present modes of life exert upon the health 
of women, we will give some of the results gained from the 
tabulation of our 705 papers. 

Obviously the most interesting answers are those made as to 
the present general health. Against the adjectives, excellent, 
good, indifferent, poor, which were suggested as typical condi- 
tions of health, we find the following numbers : 272 report 
themselves as in excellent health, 277 as in good health, 85 as 
in indifferent, and 35 as in poor. There were 36 others not 
willing to class themselves under any of these heads whose total 
answers allowed of their being averaged under the term fair. 
If we add together those in excellent and good health we find 
they constitute nearly 78 per cent of the entire number ; while 
if to this standard be added those who were willing to admit 
their health as fair we bring up the ratio to 83 per cent, leav- 
ing 17 per cent to be placed in the list of the bodily miserable 
and infirm. But our research proves that when these same 
705 students entered college 140 of them, or 20 per cent, were 
below the standard of fair health, so that the college training 

instead of adding to seems to have detracted from the number 

• 
of invalids, and can be counted as a positive physical benefac- 
tion. If Ave take single colleges we find the percentage of im- 
provement frequently even larger. Vassar, whose number of 
responses far exceeds those of any other college, constituting 
near one-half of the entire number, and whose percentage of 
returns for the number of circulars issued to its Alumnae reaches 
as high as 63 per cent, gives 6 per cent of improvement in 
health. The answer to this question of general health is the 
pivotal response, for it brings the controversy to a definite 
issue. Is the higher education of women detrimental or not 
to their physical well-being? We answer conclusively, no, un- 
abashed by the note-books of physicians or the theories of 
sociologists. We rest our answer upon the admitted experi- 
ence of 705 college women whose testimony proves that instead 
of a loss there was an absolute gain of physical strength. 
Few statistics seem to be available which could serve as a 
table for comparison with our numbers. The question of the 
physical condition of both men and women has heretofore been 
more a matter of conjecture than research. Statistical tables 



10 REPORT OF SPECIAL COMMITTEE. 

have shown a diminution in the death rates and an increase in 
the number of years allotted to human life, but there is no 
record of the average health. 

Dr. Mary Putnam Jacobi, while obtaining data for her essay 
on "The Question of Rest for Women," obtained responses from 
246 women on the question of general health. Her researches 
were not confined to women of any especial class or condition 
of life, and may be taken as fairly typical of average women. 
Her statistics give 56-(- per cent as in good health, while our 
reading of a similar investigation is 78 per cent, a gain of 22 
per cent upon the health of average women by the Alumnae. 
It can be but another strong evidence of the healthful tenden- 
cies of mental work. The statistics prepared last year by the 
Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor made some general 
statement as to the health of the working girls of Boston. 
From 1,032 girls who made answer to the official inquiries 
92.2 per cent were in good health at the time of commencing 
work and 76.2 per cent were in good health at the time the 
investigation was made, so that for this class of women there 
has been a loss of 16 per cent. The records of the Alumna' 
show that 78.16 per cent were in good health at entering col- 
lege and 77.87 per cent were in good health at the time of the 
investigation, the loss in this case being 0.29 per cent. Deteri- 
oration'in health during the college course is shown by 19.58 per 
cent of the whole number and improvement in health by 21.13 
per cent. An examination of the health record of the largest 
woman's college (Wellesley) for the present year shows that 
but .02 per cent have been compelled to leave on account of 
ill-health. Perhaps it is but fair to add that in the opinion 
of those in charge of the institution the larger part of this 
small fraction owed their loss of health to indiscreet zeal in 
preparing for college. 

When the circulars containing the questions relative to the 
health of the Alumnae were first issued, it was felt there was 
some danger lest the value of the statistics obtained might be 
questioned on the ground that the esprit de corps existing 
among the Alumme and their general loyalty to their Alma 
Mater might prevent those whose experience was unfavorable 
to the development of their physical well-being from sending 
ill a statement. The history of the progress of compiling the 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 11 

statistics gives abundant proof that such suspicions should bear 
no weight. Six months after the issue of 1,300 circulars, but 
455 had been returned. Tabulation was begun on this number 
and the percentage averaging good health bore about the same 
proportion to the total number then received as it does now 
that 705, or 250 more returns, have been gained. We may 
accept this, as well as the fact that the percentage of returns 
was above the average gathered by similar statistical methods, 
as demonstrations of the desire of college women to resolutely face 
the truth. Such noticeable conscientiousness of purpose should 
give credit to the general truthfulness of the answers obtained, 
while the average intellectual superiority of the women to 
whom the questions were addressed gives their testimony still 
further value. Though the results prove that in the general 
average a larger number improved than deteriorated in health 
during college life, it is interesting to trace in what special 
lines the loss of strength was manifested for those graduates 
who report disorders as occurring at some period of their lives. 
As would naturally be supposed the numbers indicate chiefly 
loss of nervous power. Of the 417 reporting disorders, 137 
complain of weakness of the nervous system, 112 of trouble 
with the generative organs, 98 of stomach difficulties, while 
neuralgia, lung diseases and rheumatism have respectively G2, 
68 and 56 victims. A number of the cases indicate such a 
general break-down of the system and are so complicated that 
it is necessary to bring them under the head of more than one 
of the above-mentioned diseases. 

It is somewhat noticeable that neither against the brain nor 
the eyes appear large numbers on the list, there being but 
30 cases of brain trouble and 12 of eye weakness. The 
overtax of mental strength, if such be the cause of deteri- 
orated health, takes its impost by indirect rather than direct 
methods, leaving those two more obvious servants of intellec- 
tual labor, the eyes and the brain, with unimpaired force. The 
conditions of life are so diverse, and the possible causes for 
deteriorated health so numerous, it seemed just to request that 
in so far as possible the causes for these disorders should be 
returned by the sufferer. In compliance with this suggestion 
we find that, for the 241 who gave causes, 135 claim a constitu- 



12 REPORT OF SPECIAL COMMITTEE. 

tional tendency to such troubles, 73 trace their weakness to 
emotional strain, 47 to a physical accident, 81 to intellectual 
overwork, and 81 to bad sanitary conditions. One hundred 
and forty-one made no attempt to classify the cause of their 
disorder. We find by a consideration of the seventh division 
of the schedule, relating to remarks and suggestions, that only 
18 make direct assertion that the especial strain of a college life 
must be held accountable for their loss of strength. The total 
number, out of 705, admitting they studied beyond the bounds 
of discretion, is 11 per cent. The personal confessions of many 
of these victims reduces even more the responsibility of the col- 
lege life. Confessions admitting a wilful breaking of college 
regulations as regards study hours, and a foolish disregard of 
known laws of hygiene, accompany a number of the statements. 
Out of the 705 but 2 claim to believe that the higher education 
of women is based upon a misunderstanding of her physical pow- 
ers. This statement of opinion, though not bearing the weight of 
statistical figures, is yet possibly of as much force, for it shows 
that the combined personal impression of so large a number of 
women whose opportunities for forming a correct opinion have 
been abundant, discredits the belief in the lack of women's 
physical powers to cope with the mental requirements of a col- 
lege life. In view of the small number who claim ill conse- 
quenccs as a resultant of mental work it is interesting to follow 
up this investigation with the facts elicited in response to the 
question : when in college did you study severety, moderately, 
or but little? Of the 255 who were in excellent health during 
their college life 184, or 72 per cent, respond moderately, while 
56, or 22 per cent only, admit severe study. Of the 273 in good 
health at that period 160, or 59 per cent, answered%noderately, 
and 83, or 30 per cent, severely, a gain of 8 per cent in severe 
study upon those in excellent health. The report of those who 
were in indifferent health nearly corresponds with that of those 
in good health, 58 per cent studying severely and 32 per cent 
moderately. But the ratio alters for those in poor health, 42 
per cent claiming to have studied moderately and 50 per cent 
severely, 2, or 8 per cent, from moderately to severely, which 
was also the case with some 62 others not mentioned under the 
above percentages. The fact that but 4 admitted they studied 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 13 

but little may be taken as evidence that the students at large 
appreciated their opportunities. From the results of these 
comparisons of the degree of study with the degree of health, 
one might draw either of two deductions. It may be that the 
chances for poor health are in direct ratio to severity of mental 
application, or one might perhaps as justly claim that these figures 
merely indicate that with abundant physical strength the mental 
tax to acquire certain prescribed studies is comparatively slight, 
and in futherance of this belief urge that more attention be 
given to the physical training of women students. More sig- 
nificant are the answers obtained to the question of worriment. 
The tendency of our countrywomen to take life hardly, which is, 
as we have before stated, a special characteristic of college women 
who have in so great measure inherited puritanic traits of mind, 
shows itself in the statistics of worriment. Even of those in 
excellent he&lfch but 58 -f- per cent were free from all worry, 
either over studies or personal affairs, while as we descend in 
the scale of physical health we find the increase of worry keeps 
a proportionate ratio with decrease of strength. Of those in 
good health but 42 -f- per cent being free, in indifferent health 
but 21 -|- per cent, while in poor health but 17 per cent resist 
all sources of worriment. The total percentage of the 705 
women who escaped worriment is 44.4 per cent. When we 
realize that the tendency to make life a hardship springs in 
great measure from a lack of power to rightly appreciate the 
values of life, and that this lack depends largely on limited 
mental vision, it must be admitted that though these figures 
as to worriment give cause for grave apprehensions yet the 
broader culture resulting from a college education carries with 
it the only specific for this evil. 

Under the head of " Conditions of Childhood" were printed 
on the circular eleven questions, which it was hoped would help 
to cast light upon the antecedent life of the college students. 
The comparison of the conditions under which the life of 
childhood was passed with the degree of present health en- 
joyed gives most interesting results and valuable hints as to 
the best hygienic conditions for the development from child- 
hood to girlhood. Contrary to preconceived ideas we find that 
those girls who came to college from homes in the country did 



14 REPORT OF SPECIAL COMMITTEE. 

not average so high in health as those whose previous life had 
been passed wholly in the city. While 81 -f- per cent are in 
excellent and good health who came from city homes, but 77 -f- 
per cent are in equal health whose home-life had been spent 
in the country. Another fact needs notice ; viz., that 411 out 
of the 705 Alumnse reported themselves as having been brought 
up in the country, while but 165 entered college from the cities ; 
124 having passed their lives in both city and country, and 5 
making no report. The proportions stand 58.3 per cent stu- 
dents from the country against 23.4 per cent from the city. 

It is interesting as indicative of the early mental application 
of the Alumnaj to note the fact that the average age of first 
beginning study is placed as low as h\ years. One hundred and 
seventy of the papers even give a younger age as the commence- 
ment point of intellectual work. It has been repeatedly as- 
serted that as a rule girls enter upon college work at a younger 
age than boys. The average age of the 705 cases whom we 
are able to quote shows such an assertion does not well bear 
out the facts. The average age of entrance given is 18.35 
years. Statistics as to the age of young men upon entering 
college would certainly not give an older average. The in- 
vestigation shows that the age at which prudence would pre- 
scribe an entrance upon college work for a young woman 
depends upon the physical maturity reached rather than upon 
the actual number of years attained. One student may count 
her actual years by but 15 and yet have reached as mature a 
physical and mental development as another at nineteen. 

The stringent rules drawn in accordance with hygienic prin- 
ciples that govern the daily conduct of most of our women's 
colleges made it impossible for any large number of women to 
transgress against the ordinary regulations of a systematic life. 
The number who were irregular as" to eating and sleeping are 
too few to render their experience of value. The large major- 
ity regularly observed the hours for sleeping and eating. Six 
hundred and thirty-seven report punctual attendance upon meals 
and 578 out of 705 give a creditable sleeping record. Only a 
few of the students were so situated as to be able to enter into 
society other than the companionship of their fellow-students, 
so there are no suggestive hints available as to the good or 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 15 

pernicious results of combining social excitement with mental 
application. 

The publication of a full catalogue of the graduates of Vas- 
sal' College two years ago led some interested seekers for social 
facts to notice what a relatively small number of Vassar Alumnas 
had married. He published his discovery in the daily press, 
and that organ of public expression set itself to the task of 
solving the riddle. The question is one that deserves serious 
consideration not only from the physiological but the moral 
standpoint. Are the causes producing this social phase per- 
manent or temporary ? Does the disinclination for matrimonial 
alliance lie exclusively with one sex ? Upon the correct an- 
swers to these questions lie in great measure the popularity 
which colleges for women will enjoy in the future. If it is 
shown that their permanent tendency is towards celibacy their 
influence will not extend beyond the small circle of women 
who resolve early in life to follow professional pursuits. The 
average age of the Alumna? who responded to our circulars 
was 28|- years ; of that number but 27.8 per cent are married. 
That proportion is probably smaller than the actual proportion 
existing between married and unmarried Alumnse, as it was 
more difficult to obtain the correct addresses of those who had 
changed both their name and residence since leaving college, 
so that many of the circulars issued failed to reach the mar- 
ried graduates ; but even allowing for a gain in percentage as 
the correct estimate, the fact will undoubtedly still remain that 
college women are not as prone to enter upon married life as 
the average of women. Statistics as to conjugal conditions 
have not been either widely gathered or minutely detailed. 
From an English report of 1875 on the married condition of 
females between the ages of 15 and 45 years is gathered the 
fact that out of a thousand women 496 were married, near one- 
half. In the State of Massachusetts the census report for 1875 
shows that out of a population of 1,155,652 inhabitants over 
15 years of age, 64 -f- per cent have been married. These 
figures, though not based upon similar conditions -with our 
own, are yet of value as giving an approximate indication of 
the prevalence of marriage. The custom of late marriages 
which is gaining among our higher social classes will probably 



16 REPORT OF SPECIAL COMMITTEE. 

increase the number of marriages among the same 705 gradu- 
ates at 60 years to 50 -f- per cent, if the indications of the 
percentages among the older graduates can serve as criterions. 
Several explanations may be given to account for the slow- 
ness of the Alumna? to adopt a married life. There may pos- 
sibly exist cogent reasons why men fail to prefer college women 
for their wives. Certain clerical authors have threatened the 
intellectual woman with the revenue of men if she did not for- 
sake the immoral path of knowledge, and hinted they would 
not look to her for companionship and comfort. Undoubtedly 
there exists in the minds of many men a disinclination to marry 
a woman who may equal if not exceed them in mental power. 
But there is more reason to believe that the small number of 
marriages occurring among the Alumna? is due to their own 
sentiments. The average woman student graduates from col- 
lege at between 22 and 23 years of age. With the constant exer- 
cise her reflective powers have received she is not then apt to 
fall a victim to sudden impulse, and her actions are liable to be 
submitted to the test of much cool reflection. She feels con- 
scious she has powers at her disposal which will enable her to 
secure her own livelihood if such an emergency presents itself, 
and the intellectual resources at her command save her from 
the grasp of the ennui which preys upon the lives of unmarried 
society women. With the definite conviction that her life may 
be passed usefully and happily without a husband she will 
naturally hesitate to alter her independent state unless she is 
sure of sympathetic companionship or believes she can best 
attain the purpose of her being by assuming family cares. The 
social odium which formerly attached itself to spinsterhood as 
indicative of frustrated hopes and failure no longer exerts so 
powerful an influence to drive women into matrimony, since it is 
already recognized that many women retain the single state from 
preference, as offering them a field for usefulness and happiness 
if not as intense at least as wide as that of married life. If one 
could subtract from the total number of marriages those that 
are contracted simply as a means of livelihood, or under the 
belief that conventionality requires such a step, the percentage 
which would remain and which could be counted as the number 
who married for congenial companionship, would probably not 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 17 

average much higher than that which represents the matri- 
monial statistics of college women. The exceptional scarcity 
of divorce among married college women proves that the costs 
of matrimony were fully counted before the responsibility was 
assumed. Recognizing the fact that late marriages are becom- 
ing an indispensable feature of our modern life, and that the 
notion that a broader mental culture detracts from the beauty 
of womanliness is a dying prejudice, there is no reason to 
believe that college women will permanently retain their low 
percentage of marriage. 

The fears so often expressed for the welfare of the children 
of the " future mothers of America," will be somewhat allaj'ed 
by the report given of the family conditions of 130 Alumna? 
who have had children. The exceptional record of good health 
among these children and their low death rate are strong evi- 
dences that the powers of motherhood have not suffered from 
college work. On an average there have been 2 children born 
to a family while about one death has occurred out of every ten 
births. 

One of the last queries on the circulars was with regard 
to the occupations of the Alumnae since graduation. It is 
not surprising to find a large number reporting themselves 
as teachers, as that profession especially offers inducements to 
college women. The total number given as teaching is 354, 
224 of which number combine some other occupation with their 
instruction ; 149 are employed in professional work, 294 attend 
to household affairs, while 270 of the number find time for 
some other occupation ; 356 continue some form of intellectual 
culture, 105 devote time to philanthropic objects, 8 only record 
themselves as simply butterflies of society, while 68 cannot 
well classify their employment under the heads we suggested. 

We can well close our list of statistical statements with 
one that reflects so much credit on a college education, and 
which proves how great is the pressure it brings to bear to ren- 
der woman something better than the useless drones of society. 

Our investigations, presenting as they do the physical history 
of about one-half the college Alumme in this country, should 
furnish a basis for renewed physical investigation into the 
powers of womanhood and a better appreciation of her possible 



18 REPORT OF SPECIAL COMMITTEE. 

achievements. We hiive every reason to congratulate ourselves 
that our willingness to search for the truth and to bear the 
responsibility of its verdict, has led to so encouraging and sat- 
isfactory a revelation. We can feel confident that a higher 
education for women is in harmony with that vast law of the 
survival of the fittest which guides the activities of the dim 
future. 



HEALTH STATISTICS OF FEMALE 
COLLEGE GKADTTATES. 



[From the Sixteenth Annual Report op the Massachusetts Bureau of 
Statistics op Labor.] 

By CARROLL D. WRIGHT, 

CHIEF OF THE BUREAU OP STATISTICS OF LABOR. 



The statistics given in this Part, while not completely within 
the province of the law creating this bureau, are nevertheless 
of great value to the Commonwealth. In one sense of the 
word they are germane to the provisions of the law because 
they relate to the educational interests of the people, compre- 
hending- those who labor as well as those who are born to 
leisure. We are thoroughly justified in presenting them, how- 
ever, not only on account of their intrinsic value, but, inci- 
dentally, because they have been furnished the Commonwealth 
without expense to its treasury. 

The question of the higher education of women is so impor- 
tant in all its features that we have not hesitated to accept the 
generous offer of the Association of Collegiate Alumnte to 
present in this report the results of the labors of the Com- 
mittee on Health Statistics of the Association. 

The Medical News has said, " If the future mothers of our 
country are being ruined physically by our methods of educa- 
tion, who would wish with such downright earnestness of pur- 
pose to remedy the impending evil as our educated women 
themselves ? If a false cry is being raised which will hamper 
the just and wholesome intellectual development of women, 
who are more interested in showing it than the graduates of 
our women's Colleges? Truth, broad truth, is what we should 
seek. Individual experience is apt to be erroneous; only 
large numbers eliminate errors." 

The Association of Collegiate Alumnae has recognized the 
force of this statement and has taken great pains to obtain data. 



20 



STATISTICS OF LABOR. 



regarding the health of the alumna? of our country, and for 
this purpose a committee on health statistics, a few years ago, 
was selected. This committee was constituted as follows : — 



Miss Annie G. Howes, Chairvnrm 
Miss Lucy C. Andrews . 
Miss S. Alice Brown . * . 
Miss Eva Channing 
Miss Florence Finch 
Miss Martha E. Foote 
Miss Alice Hayes . 
Miss Edith Metcalf . 
Miss Anna E. Morgan 
Mrs. Evelyn W. Ordway 
Miss Grace W. Soper 
Mrs. Gertrude H. Stewart 
Miss Angie V. Warren . 



Vassar College. 
University of Michigan. 
Smith College. 
Boston University. 
University of Kansas. 
Syracuse University. 
Vassar College. 
Wellesley College. 
Oberlin College. 
Mass. Institute of Technology. 
Cornell University. 
University of Wisconsin. 
Wesleyan University. 



The committee desired not only to collect data sufficient to 
serve the purposes of argument, but as a guide to the better 
comprehension of woman's physical ability. To this end a 
schedule of questions entering largely into detail was prepared 
and sent to each alumna, who was urged, in view of the im- 
portance of the information to be gained, to feel a personal 
responsibility in the matter. 

This schedule consisted of seven divisions. The first related 
to the Conditions of Childhood, comprehending date of birth, 
nationality of parents, surroundings in childhood, amount of 
exercise received between the ages of 8 and 14, the age at 
which study began, the age at entering college, and the age at 
graduation. The second section related to Individual Health, 
and comprehended physical condition, the character and dura- 
tion of disorders, and other important matters. The third 
division related to Family Health, that is, the health of the 
father and mother, and other members of the family, of the 
alumna. The fourth division related to College Conditions ; the 
fifth division to Conditions since Graduation; the sixth division 
to answers in the case of the Death of an Alumna, and the seventh 
division to Remarks, in which individual opinions and answers 
to questions not covered by the schedule could be expressed, 
and suggestions made which might tend to raise the physical 
standard of the students of the alma mater of each alumna. 

This schedule was sent to all graduates of colleges or univer- 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 



21 



sities of the United States open to women, 
comprehended in the following list. 



These colleges are 









Total 






Name of College. 


Sex distinction. 


Date of 
Organiza- 


Number of 
Female 


Number 
of lteturns 


Percent- 
age of 






tion. 


to 1882 
inclusive. 


received. 


received. 


Boston University, .... 


Co-educational. 


1873 


47 


29 


61.70 


Cornell University, .... 


Co-educational. 


1868 


80 


36 


45.00 


Kansas, University of 


Co-educational. 


1866 


36 


20 


55 56 


Mass. Institute of Technology, 


Co-educational. 


1865 


5 


3 


60.00 


Michigan, University of . 


Co-educational. 


1841 


87 


46 


52 87 


Oberlin College, 


Co-educational. 


1833 


104 


39 


37.50 


Smith College, 


Females only. 


1875 


90 


43 


47.78 


Syracuse University, 


Co-educational. 


1871 


65 


17 


26.15 


Vasear College, 


females only. 


1865 


540 


344 


63.70 


Wellesley College, .... 


Females only. 


1875 


110 


71 


64.55 


Wesleyan University, 


Co-educational. 


1831 


15 


6 


40.00 


Wisconsin, University of . 


Co-educational. 


1849 


111 


51 


45.95 


. All Colleges, .... 


- 


1290 


705 


54.65 



It will be seen from the foregoing table that the total num- 
ber of female graduates of all the colleges and universities 
named, including those of 1882, was 1290, and that 705 of 
these, or 54.65 per cent, made returns to the committee pre- 
viously mentioned, and it is from these returns that we have 
made the tabulations comprising this Part. 

The tables following tell their own story as a rule, and they 
are so clear and so compact that they are presented, without 
particular comment, in the following order of divisions referred 
to previously in detail : — 

Conditions of childhood ; college conditions ; conditions since 
graduation, in which is included the number of graduates who 
have died, and individual health. The facts concerning family 
health are not treated in detail, but are used only for purposes 
of comparison. 

These tables will be followed by comparison tables, showing 
the effects of certain conditions of childhood, conditions during 
college life, and other matters of interest, so far as the health 
at various periods of their Jives is concerned, and at the close a 
brief review of the salient points of all the tables will be given. 

CONDITIONS OF CHILDHOOD. 

The conditions of childhood are comprised in the following 
seven tables, which give the parent nativity ; the number who 
spent their life during childhood in the city or country ; the 
number of hours of out-door exercise taken between the ages 



22 



STATISTICS OF LABOR. 



of eight and fourteen years ; the age at beginning study, and 
the number who attended boarding school before entering col- 
lege ; the age at entering college ; the age at graduating from 
college, and the present age of graduates. 

Parent Nativity. 



Colleges. 


Both 
parents 
native. 


Both 
parents 
foreign. 


FojeiRii 
father, 
native 

mother. 


Foreign 
mother, 
native 
father. 


Not 
given. 


Aggre- 
gates. 


Boston, 

Cornell, 

Kansas, 

Mass. I. T., 

Michigan, 

Oberliu, 

Smith, . 

Syracuse, 

Vassar, 

Wellesley, 

Wesleyan, 

Wisconsin, 










24 
27 
14 

2 
37 
35 
41 
13 
297 
61 

5 
31 


3 
7 
3 

5 
3 
1 
1 

27 
4 
1 

14 


1 
1 
2 

1 

2 

10 

3 

5 


1 

1 

1 
3 
1 
1 
1 
9 
1 

1 


1 

1 
2 


29 
36 
20 

3 
46 
39 
43 
17 
344 
71 

6 
51 


All Col 


LEG] 


:s, 






587 


69 


25 


20 


4 


705 



Childhood spent in City or Country. 







Between 3 and 8 tears or age. 


Aggre- 
gates. 


Between 8 and 14 tears of age. 


Colleges. 


City. 


Country. 


City 

and 

Country. 


Not 
given. 


City. 


1 City 
Country, and 

Country. 


Not 
given. 


Boston, . 
Cornell, . 
Kansas, . 
Mass, I. T., 
Michigan, 
Oberlin, . 
Smith, 
Syracuse, 
Vassar, . 
WeLlesley, 
Wesleyan, 
"Wisconsin, 




14 
9 

10 
1 

1 3 

13 

3 

106 

16 
2 
7 


13 

26 

10 

1 

26 

35 

24 

14 

215 

53 

4 

44 


2 

1 

2 
1 

6 

20 
2 


1 
1 

3 


29 
36 
20 

3 
46 
39 
43 
17 
344 
71 

6 
51 


16 

10 
9 
2 

18 
4 

12 

7 

110 

16 
3 
8 


11 

24 
11 

1 
25 
34 
27 

8 

213 

52 

3 
43 


2 
1 

2 
1 
4 
2 
18 
3 


1 
1 

3 


All Collec 


5ES, . 


201 


465 34 


5 


705 


215 


462 


33 


5 



Childhood spent in City or Country. 



Summary. 



City 
alone. 



Country 
alone. 



City and 

Country 

both. 



Not 
given. 



Aggre- 
gates. 



Boston, . 
Cornell, . 
Kansas, . 

Mans. 1. T., . 
Michigan, 
Oberlin, . 
Smith, . 
Syracuse, 
Vasear, . 
Wellesley, 
Wesleyan, 
Wisconsin, 

All Colleges, 



165 



10 
22 

8 

1 
23 
33 
23 

8 

191 

49 

3 
40 



29 
36 
20 
3 
46 
39 
43 
17 
344 
71 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 23 

Out-door Exercise, between Eight and Fourteen Years of Age. 



Hours. 


S 
o 

a 


S 
o 
O 


s 
M 


3 


c 

03 

1 


a 

O 


S 

to 


a} 

s 

h 

m 


> 


S. 
1 




c 
o 

1 


a 
o 


One hour, 
Two hours, . 
Three hours, . 
Four hours, . 
Five hours, . 
Six hours, m . 
Seven hours", . 
Eight hours, . 
Nine hours, . 
Ten hours, 
Not given, 




2 
4 

8 
4 
2 

1 

8 

29 


3 

10 
6 
2 
3 

1 
11 

36 


3 

7 
3 
1 
4 

1 

1 

20 


l 

2 
3 


2 
7 
6 
5 
3 
3 
1 
1 
2 
4 
12 

46 


7 
10 
5 
1 
2 

4 
4 
6 

39 


2 
10 
15 

4 

1 

1 

2 
8 


3 

4 
2 
2 
1 

5 


16 

60 

74 

46 

7 

14 

1 

4 

8 

30 

84 


6 
15 
20 
9 
1 
2 

3 

15 


1 

2 

1 

2 
6 


8 
14 
6 
3 
5 

1 
1 

4 
9 


28 

122 

170 

92 

23 

35 

2 

7 

15 

60 

161 


Totals, . 


43 


17 


344 


71 


61 


705 



Age at Beginning Study, etc. 



Classification. 



Age at Beginning Study 
Two years, (at home) 
Three years, (at home) 

(in a school) 
Four years, (at home) 

(in a school) 
Five years, (at home) . 

(in a school) 
Six years, (at home) . 
(in a school) 
Seven years, (at home) 

(in a school) 
Eight years, (at home) 

(in a school) 
Nine years, (at home) 

(in a school) 
Ten years, (at home) . 

(in a school) 
Eleven years, (in a school) 
Twelve years, (in a school) 
Thirteen years, (in a school) 
Fifteen years, (in a school) 
Not given, .... 



Totals, 



Recapitulation. 
Number beginning study at home, . 
Number beginning study in a school, 
Not given, , 



Totals, 



Boarding School. 
Attended boarding school before en- 
tering college, 



17 344 



17 344 



71 



51 



7 

26 

10 

72 

55 

92 

100 

47 

96 

26 

77 

13 

39 

4 

9 

2 

5 

2 

4 

1 

2 

16 



289 

400 

16 



148 



24 



STATISTICS OF LABOR. 

Age at Entering College. 



Ages. 


a 

a 

o 
« 


"3 

c 
o 

a 


a 
c 

03 


e5 


e 

03 

o 


a 

V 

O 


a 

■r. 


V 

s 
5 

03 


|4 

03 

> 




a 

03 

St 

Of 


a 
o 
u 


id 

o 
o 


Fourteen years, . 
Fifteen years, 
Sixteen years, 
Seventeen years, . 
Eighteen years, 
Nineteen years, 
Twenty years, 
Twenty-one years, 
Twenty-two years, 
Twenty-three years, . 
Twenty-four years, 
Twenty-five years, 
Twenty-six years, 
Twenty-seven years, . 
Twenty-eight years. 
Thirty years, 
Thirty-three years, 
Thirty-six years, . 
Not given, 


1 
7 
7 
4 
2 
2 
2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

29 


l 

2 
13 
6 
4 
5 
2 
1 

1 

1 
36 


1 
6 
4 
5 

1 
1 

1 

1 

20 


2 
1 

3 


3 
8 

14 
9 
6 
5 
2 
1 
3 

46 


1 
1 

6 
2 
10 
2 
2 
& 
6 

2 

1 

1 
39 


2 
7 
8 
8 

10 
3 
3 

1 
1 


3 

4 
2 
4 

1 

2 

1 

17 


1 

25 

58 

88 

73 

48 

20 

15 

5 

3 

1 

2 

1 
2 

344 


1 
5 
24 
10 
15 
10 
4 

1 
1 

71 


2 
1 
1 

1 
1 

6 


2 
2 
8 
11 
12 

a 

5 

i 

2 

1 

1 


5 
35 
88 
152 

154 

104 

65 

40 
•J 4 
9 
6 
7 
2 
2 
4 
1 
1 
1 
5 


Totals, . 


43 


51 


705 



^4ge at Graduating from College. 



Ages. 


a 
o 

o 

es 


"3 

a 

M 

O 

rj 


09 

03 

a 

03 




5 
u 


a 

"u 
o 

— 
O 


a 

a) 




OS 
CO 
03 
> 


> 


a 

03 


c 

a 
o 
o 


05 

til 

as 

o 
u 


Seventeen years, . 
Eighteen years, 
Nineteen years, 
Twenty years, 
Twenty-one years, 
Twenty-two j'ears, 
Twenty-three yea is, 
Twenty-four years, 
Twenty -rive years, 
Twenty-six years, 
Twenty-seven years, 
Twenty-eight years, 
Twenty-nine years, 
Thirty years, 
Thirty-one years, . 
Thirty-two years, 
Thirty-four years, 
Thirty-five years, . 
Forty years, . 
Not given, 




4 

8 
6 
2 
g 
1 

1 
1 

1 
1 


2 
2 
15 
5 
6 
1 
3 

1 
1 


4 
4 
6 
5 
1 


1 
1 

1 


4 
6 
10 
9 
6 
3 
1 
3 
2 

1 
1 


1 
1 
4 
1 
10 
5 
2 
5 
3 

1 
4 

1 

1 


5 
6 
9 
10 
6 
3 
2 

1 

1 
43 


3 
5 
2 
2 
2 

2 
1 

17 


2 
12 

49 
79 
96 
55 

28 
7 
4 
3 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 

3 


1 
6 
19 
18 
14 
8 
3 
1 

1 
71 


i 

o 
1 
1 

1 


1 

2 

8 
17 
9 
9 
1 
2 
1 

1 
51 


1 

3 

16 

86 

140 

187 

123 

63 

29 

16 

9 

8 

7 

4 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

7 


Totals, . 




29 


36 


20 


3 


46 


39 


344 


6 


705 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 

Present Age. 



25 



Ages. 


c 

o 

o 


*3> 

a 

u 
o 
O 


a 


3 


a 

83 

2 

i 


a 

'u 

J3 

O 


1 


<0 

B 
a 

CS 

u 
05 


u 

a 
> 


>> 


H 
OS 

9 

is 


a 
o 

is 


oi 

a 

JO 

© 


Twenty years, 
Twenty-one years, 
Twenty-two years, 
Twenty-three years, 
Twenty-four years, 
Twenty-five years, 
Twenty-six years, 
Twenty-seven years, 
Twenty-eight years, 
Twenty-nine years, 
Thirty years, 
Thirty -one years, . 
Thirty-two years, . ' 
Thirty-three years, 
Thirty-four years, 
Thirty-five years, . 
Thirty-six years, . 
Thirty-seven years, 
Thirty-eight years, 
Thirty-nine years, 
Forty years, . 
Forty-one years, . 
Forty-two years, . 
Forty-three years, 
Forty-four year?, . 
Forty-five years, . 
Forty-nine years, . 
Fifty-one years, . 
Fifty- two years, . 
Fifty-four years, . 
Fifty-five years, 
Fifty-nine years, . 
Sixty-two years, . 
Sixty-three years, . 
Sixty^five years, . 
Sixty- eight years, . 
Seventy-six years, 
Not given, 


1 

3 

2 
2 
5 
3 
3 
3 
1 
2 
1 

2 
1 


4 
4 
7 
5 
5 
3 
2 
3 
1 

1 
1 


1 
4 
1 
3 
3 
1 
1 
1 
4 

1 
20 


1 
1 

1 


l 

3 
1 

7 
4 
8 

6 
7 
1 
5 
2 

1 


3 
1 

2 

2 

1 
3 

1 
2 
2 

1 
1 

3 
1 

1 

1 
1 

39 


1 

3 
8 
4 
10 
8 
4 
3 
1 
1 

43 


1 

1 
1 

4 
2 

2 
2 

1 

1 

1 

17 


2 

6 

9 

15 

20 

26 

35 

30 

27 

20 

28 

30 

19 

• 28 

14 

4 
2 

1 
3 

1 
344 


1 

7 
5 
23 
11 
9 
9 
3 
2 

1 


1 

2 
1 
1 

1 
6 


3 

10 
4 
2 
8 
3 
3 
4 
3 
4 
2 
1 

3 
1 


3 

11 

24 

51 

66 

70 

83 

63 

53 

35 

51 

45 

25 

37 

21 

10 

10 

8 

6 

4 

4 

4 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 


Totals, . 


29 


36 


3 


40 


51 


705 



COLLEGE CONDITIONS. 

We present in the following table all the facts relating to 
college conditions, and show the number who studied but little, 
moderately, or severely ; the number who worried over studies 
or personal affairs ; the kind and amount of daily physical exer- 
cise ; the number who were regular in their hours as regards 
sleeping and eating; the number who, daring the menstrual 
period, abstained from physical or mental exercise ; the num- 
ber who entered society during college life, and the number 
who had a room-mate. 



20 



STATISTICS OF LABOR. 





College 


Conditions. 
















College Conditions. 


a 

z 

o 

n 


o 
O 


CO 

5 


3 


c 
3 


s 

& 

o 


1 

03 


3 

«0 
>- 
>> 


a 
> 


>> 

o 

> 


5 
1 


c 

c 
o 
o 

1 


o5 
a 

o 


College Study. 

Moderate 

Moderate to severe, .... 


21 

8 


22 
3 
11 


8 

1 

11 


2 
1 


26 

2 

18 


22 
3 
14 


28 
5 
10 


11 

6 


211 

45 
84 


40 

3 

23 


3 

3 


39 

2 
10 


4 
438 
64 
199 


Totals, 


29 


36 


20 


3 


46 


39 


43 


17 


344 


71 


6 


51 


705 


College Worry. 

Personal affairs, .... 
Both studies and affairs, . 
Neither studies nor affairs, 


8 
5 
3 
13 


4 

9 

S 

15 


9 
1 
5 
5 


1 
1 
1 


7 

6 

14 

19 


6 

4 
4 

25 


5 
12 

9 
17 


6 
1 

5 
5 


97 
36 
55 
156 


21 

9 
13 

28 


1 
2 
3 


9 
4 
12 

26 


172 

89 

131 

313 


Totals, 


29 


36 


20 


3 


46 


39 


43 


17 


344- 


71 


6 


51 


705 


Kind of Exercise. 
Walking and other exercise, . 


19 
3 


25 
11 


10 

7 


3 


33 

7 


16 
13 


15 
23 


11 

2 


70 
2i9 


18 

4S 


6 


29 
13 


255 
346 


Totals 


22 


36 


17 


3 


40 


29 


38 


13 


2S9 


66 


6 


42 


601 


Riding and other exercise, 


1 
I 


4 


1 
4 


- 


1 
1 


- 


1 
2 


1 


1 
17 


3 


- 


1 
3 


7 
35 


Totals 


2 


4 


5 


- 


2 


- 


3 


1 


18 


3 


- 


4 


42 


Gymnastics only, .... 
Gymnastics and other exercise, 


- 


3 


- 


- 


1 


1 
5 


1 

19 


- 


33 
187 


15 


- 


1 


35 
231 


Totals 


- 


3 


- 


- 


1 


6 


20 


- 


220 


15 


- 


1 


266 


Housework and other exercise, 


2 


o 


3 


- 


4 


6 
9 


1 


1 


1 
1 


1 
2 


- 


2 
4 


11 

28 




2 


2 


3 


- 


4 


15 


1 


1 


2 


3 


- 


6 


39 


Amount of Exercise. 
Average number of miles daily, 
Average number of hours daiiy, . 


2.8 
1.7 


2.7 
1.5 


2.7 
1.4 


2.5 


2.2 
1.7 


1.7 
1.8 


30 
1.4 


25 

1.5 


1.1 


_ 
1.0 


1.3 


2.4 

1.4 


2.5 
1.2 


College Habits. 
Eating. 

Regular hours 

No regular hours, .... 


20 

9 


34 
2 


16 
4 


3 


43 
3 


38 
1 


38 

5 


14 

3 


313 
31 


65 
6 


6 


47 
4 


637 
68 




29 


36 


20 


3 


46 


39 


43 


17 


344 


71 


6 


51 


705 


Sleeping. 

Regular hours 

No regular hours, .... 


21 
8 


14 

22 


5 
15 


2 
1 


29 
17 


34 
6 


37 
6 


10 

7 


312 
32 


66 
5 


5 

1 


43 

8 


578 
127 


Totals 


29 


36 


20 


3 


46 


39 


43 


17 


344 


71 


6 


51 


705 


Number abstaining from Exercise 
/luring Menstrual Period. 
Physical, 

Physical and mental, . 


7 

1 
21 


10 

3 
23 


1 

19 


1 
2 


9 

3 
34 


4 

5 
30 


25 

4 
14 


3 

1 
13 


135 

38 
169 


35 

12 
24 


1 

2 
3 


9 

3 
39 


239 
2 
73 

391 


Totals 


29 


36 


20 


3 


46 


39 


43 


17 


344 


71 


6 


51 


705 


Entered Society during College Life. 

Bui little 

Not given 


5 
20 
4 


4 
30 
2 


1 

16 
3 


1 
2 


10 
31 
4 

1 


9 

29 
1 


7 

34 

1 

1 


1 
14 

1 
1 


230 
90 
11 
13 


58 
12 

1 


6 


12 

38 

1 


338 

322 
28 
17 




29 


36 


20 


3 


46 


39 


43 


17 


344 


71 


6 


51 


705 


College Room-mate. 
No, 


19 
10 


27 
9 


12 

8 


1 

2 


3 9 7 


33 
6 


35 
8 


12 

5 


287 
57 


71 


4 
2 


43 

8 


581 
124 






36 


20 


3 


46 i 39 


43 


17 


344 


71 


6 


51 ( 


705 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 



27 



CONDITIONS SINCE GRADUATION. 

For this division we present tables showing the post-graduate 
occupations, and, for the number reporting time occupied, the 
average duration of each occupation ; the present conjugal con- 
dition of graduates, and the number reporting children ; the 
present age and health of children living ; the number of chil- 
dren who have died, and the cause of death ; a summary table, 
showing the number of graduates who have married, the aver- 
age number of years married, the whole number of children, 
the number who are living, the number who have died, and 
the average present age of children living ; and, finally, a 
table giving the number of graduates who have died, and the 
cause of death. 

Post- Graduate Occupations. 



Occupations. 


o 
o 


a 
u 
o 
O 


C3 

c 

OS 


03 


a 
a 

s 


O 


a 

05 


s 

GO 


u 
> 




a 

33 


a 

a 
o 
o 

1 


GO 



o 


Household. 
Specified occupation, 
Specified and other occupations, 

Professional. 
Specified occupation, 
Specified and other occupations, 

Teaching. 
Specified occupation, 
Specified and other occupations, 

Intellectual. 
Specified occupation, 
Specified and other occupations, 

Totals 

Study. 
Specified occupation, . . 
Specified and other occupations, 

Philanthropy. 
Specified occupation, 
Specified and other occupations, 

Social. 
Specified occupation, 
Specified and other occupations, 


9 
9 

1 

1 

4 
17 

21 

15 
15 

6 
6 

7 
7 

9 
9 


2 
9 

11 

5 

4 

9 

8 
11 

19 

1 
9 

10 

4 
4 

1 
1 

1 
5 

6 


1 

14 

15 

1 
1 

2 

2 

10 

12 

9 

9 

1 

2 

3 

1 
1 

7 
7 


2 

1 

3 

1 

1 


21 

21 

1 
10 

11 

11 
13 

24 

1 
17 

18 

12 

12 

1 
1 

1 
12 

13 


27 
27 

1 
12 

13 

2 
22 

24 

14 
14 

10 
10 

15 
15 

15 
15 


8 
8 

2 
6 

8 

9 

19 

28 

3 
13 

16 

2 

5 

7 

2 
2 

4 

4 


1 

12 

13 

4 
4 

1 

5 

6 

8 
8 

1 
3 

4 

3 
3 

8 
8 


17 

127 

144 

22 
62 

84 

53 

82 

135 

8 
116 

124 

4 
35 

39 

60 

60 

4 
110 

114 


2 

18 

20 

4 

4 

8 

24 
20 

44 

11 
11 

2 
14 

16 

5 
5 

2 
12 

14 


3 

3 

1 

3 

4 

2 
2 

: 

2 
2 

3 
3 


1 

22 
23 

9 
9 

13 
21 

34 

1 

21 

22 

1 
4 

5 

8 
8 

17 
17 


24 
270 

294 

37 
112 

149 

130 

224 

354 

14 
235 

249 

11 
96 

107 

105 
105 

8 
202 

210 



28 



STATISTICS OF LABOR. 



Post- Graduate Occupations. 



Averages. 




Conjugal Condition, and Number reporting Children. 



Classification. 


a 
o 

o 
« 


a 
u 
o 


03 

c 

OS 


a 
S 


B 

a 
— 


a 
O 


1 

CO 


o 
9 

« 
>> 

CO 


> 


>> 


c 

OS 
>> 


c 

c 
o 

1 


M 

o 


Conjugal Condition. 

Totals, 

Children Born and Livin 
One child, living 
One child, dead 
Two children, both living 
Two children, one living . 
Two children, both dead . 
Three children, all living 
Three children, two living 
Three children, one living 
Four children, all living . 
Four children, three living 
Five children, all living . 
Five children, four living 
Five children, two living. 
Six children, all living 
Six children, live living . 
No children, 

Totals, 


7- 


6 
23 

29 

1 

1 
1 

1 

2 
6 


10 
26 

36 

1 
1 

1 

7 
10 


8 
12 

20 

2 

2 

1 

3 

8 


1 

2 

3 

1 

1 


17 
29 

46 

4 

1 
2 

1 

9 
17 


24 
15 

39 

4 
1 
5 

4 

1 
3 

2 

1 

3 

24 


2 

41 

43 

1 

1 
2 


7 
10 

17 
4 

1 

2 

7 


96 
248 

344 

27 
4 

17 
2 

8 
2 

4 
1 

1 

1 
29 

96 


6 
65 

71 
2 

4 

6 


2 
4 

6 
1 

1 
2 


17 
34 

51 

5 

2 
1 
1 
1 

2 

5 
17 


196 

509 

705 

51 
7 

28 
6 
I 

16 
4 
1 
6 
4 
1 
2 

1 
1 
I 

66 

196 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 

Present Age and Health of Children Living. 



29 



Ages and Health. 



Ages. 
Under one year 
One year, 
Two years, . 
Three years, . 
Four years, . 
Five years, . 
Six years, 
Seven years, . 
Eight years, . 
Nine years, . 
Ten years, 
Eleven years, 
Twelve years. 
Thirteen year?, 
Fourteen years, 
Sixteen years, 
Seventeen years, 
Eighteen years, 
Nineteen years, 
Twenty years, 
Twenty-one years, 
Twenty-two years, 
Twenty-four years 
Twenty-six years, 
Twenty-nine years 
Thirty years, 
Thirty-two years, . 
Thirty-four ytars, 
Not given, 

Totals, . 

Health. 
Good health, . 
Poor health, . 
Not given, 

Totals, . 



53 



11 

37 

27 

26 

22 

14 

17 

13 

10 

10 

5 

1 

5 

2 

4 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

4 

1 

1 

1 

1 

9 



232 



208 

15 

9 



Number of Children who have Died, and Cause of Death. 



Cause of Death. 



Cholera infantum, 
Constitutional weakness, 
Consumption, 
Convulsions, 
Diphtheria, 
Diphtheritic croup, 
Heart disease, 
Inflammation of bowels, 
Inflammation of lungs, 
Intestinal catarrh, 
Over-exertion, . 



Cause of Death. 



Physical accident, . 
Pneumonia, 
Premature birth, 
Southern fever, 
Still-born, . 
Strangulation at birth, 
Teething, . . 
Not given, . 



Total, 



30 



STATISTICS OF LABOR. 



Conjugal Condition, and Number of Children. 



Summary. 









Married. 


NOMBER REPORTING 
CHILDREN. 


Children living and 

DEAD. 


Average 
present 


Colleges. 


Num- 
ber. 


Average 
number 
Of years 
married. 


Chil- 
dren. 


No 
chil- 
dren. 


Totals. 


Num- Num- Whole 
ber ber num- 
living. dead. ber. 


age 
of chil- 
dren 
living. 


Boston, . 

< oniell, . 
Kansas, . 
Mass. I. T., 

M Ichigan, 
Oberlin, . 

Smith, . 

Syracuse, 

vassar, . 

Wellesley, 

Wesleyan, 

Wisconsin, 






6 

10 
8 
1 

17 

24 
2 
7 

96 
6 
2 

17 


5.0 
2.5 
2.9 
1.0 
4.0 
24.4 
1.0 
3.0 
4.8 
1.4 
7.0 
4.6 


4 
3 
5 

8 

21 

1 

5 

67 

2 

2 

12 


2 
7 
3 
1 
9 
3 
1 
2 
29 
4 

5 


6 

10 

8 

1 

17 

24 

2 

7 

96 

6 

2 

17 


6 
3 

10 

11 

53 

1 

7 

115 

2 

3 

21 


1 

3 

" 

2 
5 

16 

1 
3 


7 

6 

10 

13 

58 
1 
7 
131 
2 
4 

24 


1.5 
2.0 
3.2 

2 7 
13.9 
2.0 
1.7 
4.3 
1.0 
3.0 
3.9 


All Coli 


.EGE 


s, 


196 


6.7 


130 


66 


196 


232 


31 


263 


6.0 



Number of Graduates who have Died, and Cause of Death. 



Cause of Death. Michigan. 


Oberlin. 


Syracuse. 


Vassar. 


Wis- 
consin. 


All 
Colleges. 


Confinement, .... 
Consumption 

Physical accident, 


1 


1 


1 


2 
1 


2 

2 

2 3 

1 




1 


1 


1 


3 


2 


8 



INDIVIDUAL HEALTH. 

The tables showing individual health are eight in number. 
They relate to physical condition ; nervousness ; the age at 
beginning of the menstrual period ; the conditions attending the 
menstrual periods ; the number of graduates reporting dis- 
orders ; the number of disorders ; the number reporting each 
disorder, and the causes of disorders. 

Physical Condition. 



Colleges and Age Periods. 


State of Health. 


Aggre- 


Excellent. 


Good. 


Fair. 


Indif- 
ferent. 


Poor. 


gates. 


Boston. 
From 3 to 8 years of age, . 
From 8 to 14 years of age, 
At time of entering college, 
During college life, . 
Since graduation, 

Cornell. 
From 3 to 8 years of age, . 
From 8 to 14 years of hl.'c, 
At time of entering college, 

During college life, . 
Since graduation, 


12 
15 
17 
16 
16 

20 
17 
17 
16 
15 


9 
9 
8 

7 
8 

8 
9 
13 
12 
13 


1 
1 

1 

1 
2 
4 
2 


6 
3 
4 
3 
2 

2 
6 
4 
2 
3 


2 
1 

3 

2 

5 
3 

2 
3 


y 29 

)■ 36 
J 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 

Physical Condition — Concluded. 



31 



Colleges and Age Periods. 



Kansas. 
From 3 to 8 years of age, . 
From 8 to 14 years of age, 
At time of entering college, 
During college life, . 
Since graduation, . 

Mass. I. T. 
From 3 to 8 years of age, . 
From 8 to 14 years of age, 
At time of entering college, 
During college life, . ■ 
Since graduation, 

Michigan. 
From 3 to 8 years of age, . 
From S to 14 years of age, 
At time of entering college, 
During college life, . 
Since graduation, 

Oberlin. 
From 3 to 8 years of age, . 
From S to 14 years of age, 
At time of entering college, 
During college life, . 
Since graduation, 

Smith. 
From 3 to 8 years of age, . 
From 8 to 14 years of age, 
At time of entering college, 
During college life, . 
Since graduation, 

Syracuse. 
From 3 to 8 years of age, . 
From 8 to 14 years of age, 
At time of entering college, 
During college life, . 
Since graduation, 

Vassar. 
From 3 to 8 years of age, . 
From 8 to 14 years of age, 
At time of entering college, 
During college life, . 
Since graduation, 

Wellesley. 
From 3 to 8 years of age, . 
From 8 to 14 years of age, 
At time of entering college, 
During college life, . 
Since graduation, 

Wesley an. 
From 3 to 8 years of age, . 
From 8 to 14 years of age, 
At time of entering college, 
During college life, . 
Since graduation, 

Wisconsin. 
From 3 to 8 years of age, . 
From 8 to 14 years of age, 
At time of entering college, 
During college life, . 
Since graduation, 

All Colleges. 
From 3 to 8 years of age, . 
From 8 to 14 years of age, 
At time of entering college, 
During college life, . 
Since graduation, 



State of Health. 



141 
129 
123 
119 
125 



305 
285 
262 
255 
272 



122 
129 
141 
130 
142 



236 
232 
289 
273 

277 



Indif- 
ferent. 



1 


7 


2 


9 


3 


7 


1 


a 


4 


6 


13 


87 


21 


117 


14 


103 


55 


98 


36 


85 



Aggre- 
gates. 



46 



43 



> " 



344 



32 



STATISTICS OF LABOR. 

Nervousness. 











E-<" 


c 






ay 




£ 


a 


i 


to 

a 


Classification. 


c 
o 

o 
pa 


*3 
s 
u 

o 


00 

a 

B 

M 


05 


3> 
S 

3 


O 


1 


s 

V 

ta 
u 
>> 

02 


u 
a) 


42 




o 
o 

ID 


o 


Nervous before entering college, 


1 


1 


3 


_ 


2 


1 


_ 


1 


15 


3 


_ 


1 


28 


Nervous ;it the present time, . 


2 


3 


2 


- 


2 


7 


4 


1 


43 


2 


- 


8 


74 


Nervous before entering college, and 




























at the present time, . 


8 


9 





1 


21 


13 


17 


9 


105 


26 


1 


16 


231 


Not nervous at any time, . 


IS 


23 


10 


2 


21 


18 


22 


6 


181 


40 


5 


26 


372 




29 


36 


20 


3 


46 


39 


43 


17 


344 


71 


6 


51 


705 



Age at Beginning of the Menstrual Period. 











e5 


c 






o5 




>> 


c 


d 


CO 

a 

J CJJ 


Ages. 


H 


"3 


no 

a 


"i 


so 


_c 


JS 


o 


|4 




>> 

0) 


c 
o 


< j 




o 
pq 


a 

u 
o 
O 


<4 


a 


£ 

3 


M 

3 

O 


a 


Li 

CO 


!•»■ 


«3 

P* 


aa 


is 


o 


Nine years, . 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


1 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


1 




















1 


1 


- 


- 


2 


Eleven years, 


- 


- 


- 


- 


3 


3 


2 


- 


18 


1 


- 


3 


30 


Twelve years, 


- 


6 


2 


- 


7 


7 


7 


2 


44 


13 


1 


5 


94 


Thirteen years, 


10 


10 


9 


2 


9 


8 


12 


4 


89 


25 


2 


18 


198 


Fourteen years, . 


11 


10 


5 


- 


15 


12 


10 


7 


94 


12 


1 


15 


192 


Fifteen years, 


5 


3 


2 


1 


6 


5 


7 


4 


42 


9 


- 


6 


90 


Sixteen years, 


1 


2 


2 


- 


4 


- 


2 


- 


20 


4 


1 


3 


39 


Seventeen years, . 


- 


3 


- 


- 


- 


2 


- 


- 


4 


1 


- 


] 


11 


Eighteen years, . 


- 


1 


- 


- 


- 


1 


- 


- 


2 


2 


- 


- 


6 


Nineteen years, 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


1 


- 


- 


- 


1 


Twenty years, 


















1 








1 


Not given, 


2 


1 


- 


- 


1 


1 


3 


- 


28 


3 


1 


- 


40 


Totals, . 


29 


36 


20 


3 


46 


39 


43 


17 


344 


71 


6 


51 


705 



Conditions attending the Menstrual Periods. 





S S e 
55 «« 


CO £ 

^ '2 


8 x 




.2 


e 


a 




09 

a 




~ 41 P. 






ft 


B 


ft 


a 






Classification. 


4J = X 


£ 3 . 


u 3 p. 


2 « 

c 0> 


a 


c 


X 


3 
O 


CJ! 




Slsi 


bog « 


■eg 


to 


V 


<H 




O 




- 1 


« 


™ 


p 


~ 


& 


M 


'A 


< 


Bonlon. 




















During development, 


- 


1 


2 


3 


8 


2 


1 


12 


) 


Dating college life, . 


1 


3 


2 


6 


3 


2 


2 


10 


!• 29 


Since graduation, 


3 


2 


3 


6 


2 


3 


2 


8 


All periods, 


4 


2 


4 


7 


4 


3 


1 


4 


J 


Cornell. 




















During development, 


4 


2 


1 


1 


9 


3 


7 


9 


] 


During college life, . 


3 


4 


2 


3 


3 


6 


6 


9 


\ 36 


Since graduation, 


3 


3 


1 


5 


4 


4 


8 


8 


All periods, 


6 


6 


3 


2 


6 


5 


6 


3 


J 


Kansas. 




















During development, 


- 


1 


3 


3 


2 


2 


4 


5 


1 


During college life, . 


1 


3 


8 


2 


1 


2 


4 


4 


» 


Since graduation, 


1 


2 


3 


2 


1 


3 


5 


3 


All periods, 


1 


3 


4 


3 


1 


1 


4 


3 


J 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 



33 



Conditions Mending the Menstrual Periods — Concluded. 



Classification. 


it. "O = 

"P 03 '5 
■£ o> P- 

££ x 


— 3 • 
111 

C a a 




13 J 

C.2 

03 FS 

P. 


3 


'3 
a 
ai 

c 


a 
p. 

X 


3 
p 

o 

>5 


w 

< 
o 
a 

o 
a 
< 


Mass. I. T. 
During development, 
During college life, . 
(Since graduation, 
All periods, 


- 


1 

1 


- 


- 


" 


i 
i 


1 
1 
1 


2 
1 
1 
1 


\- 3 


Michigan. 
During development, 
During college life, . 
Since graduation, 
All periods, 


5 
8 
8 
12 


5 
2 
2 
4 


1 

2 
3 
2 


3 

4 
4 
4 


6 
3 
3 
3 


3 
4 
2 

2 


4 
5 
5 
5 


19 
18 
19 
14 


S- 46 


Oberlin . 
During development, 
During college life, . 
Since graduation, 
All periods, 


2 
3 


1 

1 


2 
3 
3 


4 
4 
4 
6 


4 
3 
2 
2 


1 

6 
4 
5 


8 
9 
8 

8 


22 
14 
16 
11 


J- 39 


Smith. 
During development, 
During college life, . 
Since graduation, 
All periods, 


2 
6 
2 
9 


3 

5 
5 
5 


1 
3 

3 
2 


3 

7 
9 
8 


5 
4 
4 
5 


2 
3 
4 
1 


4 
3 
3 

4 


23 
12 
13 
9 


/> 43 


Syracuse. 
During development, 
During college life, . 
Since graduation, 
All periods, 


1 

2 
2 
2 


1 
1 
1 

1 


3 
3 
3 
3 


2 
3 
1 
3 


1 

1 


1 
1 
1 

1 


3 
1 
1 
1 


5 
6 
8 
5 


i> 17 


Vassar. 
During development, 
During college life, . 
Since graduation, 
All periods, 


17 
25 
34 
51 


12 

10 

8 

16 


11 

18 
16 

24 


19 
45 

56 
49 


57 
37 
24 
48 


27 
55 
41 
40 


30 
38 
38 
34 


171 
116 
127 

82 


[• 344 


Wellesley. 
During development, 
During college life, . 
Since graduation, 
All periods, 


8 

8 

9 

16 


3 

6 
4 
6 


1 

2 
1 
1 


7 
14 
16 
12 


13 

7 
2 
6 


6 

7 
6 
6 


2 
2 
6 
4 


31 
25 

27 
20 


[ 71 


Wesley an. 
During development, 
During college life, . 
Since graduation, 
All periods, 


1 
1 
1 


- 


- 


1 
1 
1 


1 
1 


1 
1 

1 
1 


1 
1 
1 


4 
2 
2 
1 


/• 6 


Wisconsin. 
During development, 
During college life, . 
Since graduation, 
All periods, 


4 
5 
4 

7 


1 
1 


1 

3 
5 

5 


6 

5 

7 


8 
8 

7 
7 


3 
1 
1 

2 


9 
6 
7 
6 


23 
22 
21 

16 


1- 51 


All Colleges. 
During development, 
During college life, . 
Since graduation, 
All periods, 


41 

60 

69 

112 


29 

35 
28 
45 


24 
40 
41 
51 


48 

95 

109 

102 


114 

69 
49 

84 


51 
89 
71 
67 


72 
78 
85 
75 


326 
239 
253 
169 


1 

1- 705 



34 



STATISTICS OF LABOR. 



Number of Graduates reporting Disorders. 



Disorders. I No Disorders. 



Boston, . 
Cornell, . 
Kaunas, . 
Mass. I. T., . 
•Michigan, 
Oberlio, 
Smith, . 
Syracuse, 
Vassar, . 
WelleBley, . 
Wesley. in, 
Wisconsin, . 

All Colleges, 



16 

20 

13 

2 

33 

25 

28 

11 

206 

36 

1 

26 



417 



13 
16 

7 

1 
13 
14 
15 

6 
138 
35 

5 
25 



288 



29 
36 
20 
3 
46 
39 
43 
17 
344 
71 



Number of Disorders. 



Number of Disorders. 


a 
o 

o 

« 


I 
o 

O 


03 

13 

03 


09 


c 

03 
CO 
S 
o 


a 
O 


1 


O) 

3 
a 

*»> 

to 


«0 
03 

> 




e 

03 
>> 

00 

> 


c 
o 


M 

o 


One disorder, 
Two disorders, 
Three disorders, 
Four disorders, 

Five disorders, 
Sis disorders, 
Seven disorders, 
Eight disorders, 
Nine disorders, 






6 
5 
1 
3 

1 


6 

3 
1 

2 

1 


7 
4 
2 

13 


I 

2 


14 
6 
9 
2 
2 

33 


9 
8 
6 
1 
1 

25 


12 

7 
6 

1 

i 


6 
4 

1 
11 


87 
71 
23 
13 

8 

3 

1 


17 
9 
6 
3 
1 

36 


1 
1 


8 
9 
4 
2 
1 
2 


174 

131 

60 

26 

17 

3 

4 

1 

1 


Totals, . 






16 


20 


28 


206 


26 


417 



Disorders. 



Disorders. 


a 

o 

o 

PS 


o 

c 

hi 

o 

O 


03 

a 
& 


Eh 

03 


c 

03 
6» 

2 

i 


c 

o 


3 
to 


oi 

9 

o 
03 


03 

8 
> 


1 


a 

r. 
t? 

Cv 


c 

c 



1 


35 

H 

•J <J 

O 

rj 


Heart and other disorders, 

Totals 

Brain only, 

Brain aud other disorders, 

Lungs only, 

Lungs and other disorders, 

Totals 

Stomach only, . 

Stomach and other disorders, 

Liver only, .... 
Liver and other disorders, 

Totals 




1 

1 

2 

2 

4 

6 
6 

2 

2 


2 
2 

3 

8 

1 
5 

6 

4 

4 


2 
2 

2 
3 

6 


- 

1 

1 


5 
5 

2 

2 

1 

4 

5 

1 
7 

8 

1 
2 

3 


1 

1 

2 

4 
4 

1 
3 

4 

5 
5 


1 

1 

1 
1 

4 

4 

2 
8 

10 

3 
3 


2 
2 

1 
1 

1 

2 

3 

1 
1 

2 


8 

8 

3 
10 

13 

7 
19 

26 

4 
34 

38 

1 

15 

16 


3 
3 
o 
5 

7 

3 
8 

11 

1 

9 

10 

2 
2 

4 


" 


1 
1 

2 

2 

1 

6 

7 

2 
11 

13 

5 
5 


20 

20 

7 
23 

30 

14 
54 

68 

13 

85 

98 

7 
42 

49 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 

Disorders — Continued. 



35 



Disorders. 


B 
o 

o 


a 

u 

o 

Q 


03 


03 


c 

OS 

W 

IE 


d 

o 


a 

02 


3 
02 


03 

03 
> 


(A 

*OJ 




a 
o 


►J -j 
j a 

o 

o 


Bowels and other disorders, . 


1 

3 


5 


l 

i 


1 
1 


1 

6 


1 

4 


1 


" 


24 


3 

7 


- 


1 
3 


9 
55 




4 


5 


2 


2 


7 


5 


1 


- 


24 


JO 


.- 


4 


64 


Generative organs and other disor- 


3 


7 






9 


2 
6 


2 

7 


2 


22 
38 


4 
5 


i 


4 


31 

81 


Totals 


3 


7 


- 


- 


9 


8 


9 


2 


60 


'e 


i 


4 


112 


Urinary organs and other disorders, 
Totals 


— 


2 
2 





— 


2 
2 


1 

3 

4 


2 
o 


— 


1 
13 

14 


1 
1 


— 


1 
1 


4 

22 

26 


Osseous system and other disorders, 


- 


1 














5 


1 


- 


1 


1 

7 




















5 


1 


- 


1 


8 


Nervous system only, 

Nervous system and other disorders, 


1 

7 


4 

7 


3 

' 2 


- 


2 
9 


4 


5 
10 


2 
2 


16 

50 


7 


- 


2 
4 


35 

102 




8 


11 


5 


- 


11 


4 


15 


4 


66 


7 


- 


6 


137 


Muscular system only, 
Muscular system and other disor- 
ders, 




2 






2 




2 




9 






2 


1 
17 


Totals 


T 


2 


- 


"7 


2 


~T 


2 


1 


9 


- 


- 


2 


18 


Neuralgia only, 

Neuralgia and other disorders, 


5 


2 


2 


- 


1 

5 


4 


1 

4 


- 


2 

28 


2 


- 


1 

5 


5 

57 




5 


2 


2 


- 


6 


4 


5 


- 


30 


2 


- 


6 


62 


Rheumatism only, 

Rheumatism and other disorders, . 


3 


4 


- 


- 


4 


2 

4 


2 


1 
2 


27 


1 
.1 


- 


5 


4 
52 




3 


4 


- 


- 


4 


6 


2 


3 


27 


2 


- 


5 


56 


Abscess only, 

Abscess and other disorders, . 


















1 








1 






~T 






















1 


Blood and other disorders, 


























2 
1 




T 


~ 




~7 


















3 


Catarrh only 

Catarrh and other disorders, . 


- 


- 


1 


- 


1 


1 


1 


- 


2 


1 


- 




3 

5 








1 


- 


1 


1 


1 


- 


2 


1 


- 




8 


Constitutional weakness only, . 
Constitutional weakness and other 


















3 








3 

7 






~ 


T 






~ 


~ 


T 










10 


Developmental only, 
Developmental and other disorders, 


- 


i 


- 


- 


1 


- 


- 


- 


4 

2 


- 


- 


- 


6 
2 




























8 


Eyes and other disorders, 


i 




i 


- 


1 


1 
1 


- 


- 


3 

4 


- 


- 


- 


6 
6 


Totals 


i 




i 


~ 


1 


2 


~7^ 


~ 


7 


- 


~ 


- 


12 



36 



STATISTICS OF LABOR. 

Disorders — Concluded. 



Disorders. 


o 

o 
M 


c 
o 


OS 

a 
a 


a 

?5 


c 

s 

■c 

3 


i 

u 

a 
O 


a 

ce 


6 
a 

Si 


§ 

> 


>> 


c 

a 


5 
o 

1 


. CO 

H 

J « 

< J 
O 

o 


Totals 

General debility only, 

General debility and other disorders, 

Totals 

Malaria and other disorders, . 
Totals 

Measles and other disorders, . 
Totals 

Mumps and other disorders, . 

Scrofula and other disorders, . 
Totals, 

Skin and other disorders, 

Throat and other disorders, 

Tumor and other disorders, 

Totals 


1 
1 


o 
2 








2 
2 

1 

1 


1 
1 

2 
2 


1 
1 
1 

1 

1 
1 


1 
1 


6 
16 

22 

a 

3 

3 

7 

3 

3 

1 
1 

12 

16 


1 
1 

1 

1 


' 


2 
2 

1 
1 


10 
20 

30 

3 
1 

4 

3 

7 

10 

6 
6 

2 

2 

1 
1 

1 

1 

4 
16 

20 

1 

1 



Causes 


of 


Disorders, 


e£c. 
























H 


a 






ci 




t^ 


C3 

OS 


c 


CO 

Ed 


Causes or Disorders. 


e 

o 




OS 




m 


a 
a 


a 


a 


OS 


S 


s 


c 

c 


«d 




o 

M 


o 


M 


s 


3 


o 


a 


ft 

cc 


OS 


£ 


CD 
> 


& 


o 
o 


Number reporting Causes of 




























1 tISOBDERS. 




























Number reporting cause, 


10 


14 


10 


1 


23 


17 


25 


7 


132 


21 


- 


16 


276 


Number reporting no cause, . 


6 


6 


3 


1 


10 


8 


3 


4 


74 


15 


1 


10 


141 




16 


20 


13 


2 


33 


25 


28 


11 


206 


36 


1 


26 


417 


Causes. 




























Constitutional Weakness. 




























Specified cause, .... 


1 


4 


1 


1 


7 


3 


4 


2 


36 


9 


- 


5 


73 


Specified and other causes, 


2 


2 


3 


- 


7 


2 


10 


2 


27 


4 


- 


3 


62 




3 





4 


1 


14 


5 


14 


4 


63 


13 


~ 


8 


135 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 

Causes of Disorders, etc. — Concluded. 



37 



Causes of Disorders. 


B 
o 

o 
IS 


c 
u 
o 
O 


c 

OS 




a 

« 

to 

3 

o 


J2 

o 


a 

CO 


Q 

OS 

>> 
CO 


a 
> 


>> 
£ 


OS 


c 
o 

1 





Sad Sanitary Conditions. 
Specified cause, .... 
Specified and other causes, 


- 


1 

4 


4 
3 


- 


2 

2 


4 
4 


2 
4 


1 


14 

24 


2 

2 


- 


3 
2 


32 
49 




3 


5 


7 


- 


4 


8 


6 


1 


38 


4 


- 


5 


81 


Intellectual Overwork. 
Specified cause, .... 
Specified and other causes, 


2 
3 


1 
2 


1 

2 


- 


2 
5 


1 

5 


3 
6 


1 

1 


15 

22 


1 
5 


- 


1 

2 


28 
53 




5 


3 


3 


- 


7 


6 


9 


2 


37 


6 


- 


3 


81 


Emotional Strain. 
Specified cause, . . . . 
Specified and other causes, 


2 
2 


1 
4 


- 


_ 


1 
3 


2 


8 


2 


.4 
32 


1 

7 


- 


1 
3 


10 

63 




4 


5 


- 


- 


4 


2 


8 


2 


36 


8 


- 


4 


73 


Physical Accident. 
Specified cause, .... 
Specified and other causes, 


- 


2 


- 


- 


2 
3 


2 
1 


2 
2 


1 


8 
17 


2 


_ 


1 
1 


18 
29 




- 


5 


- 


- 


5 


3 


4 


1 


25 


2 


- 


2 


47 



COMPAEISON TABLES. 

The first series of comparison tables consider the following 
conditions of childhood, — parent nativity, out-door exercise, 
age at beginning study, and age at entering college, as com- 
pared with present health ; they also show the time of entering 
college after beginning of menstrual period, the health of 
parents, and hereditary tendency to disease, as compared with 
present health. The tables follow. 

Parent Nativity as Compared with Present Health. 





Present Health. 


Aggre- 


Nativity. 


Excellent. 


Good. 


Fair. 


Indifferent. 


Poor. 


gates. 


Boston. 
Both parents native, 
One parent foreign, . 
Both parents foreign, 


13 
1 
2 


7 
1 


1 


2 


2 


24 
2 
3 


Totals, .... 

Cornell. 
Both parents native, . 
One parent foreign, 
Both parents foreign, 
Not given, .... 


16 

10 
1 
3 
1 


8 

10 
3 


1 
2 


2 
3 


2 

2 
1 


29 

27 
1 

7 
1 


Totals 


15 


13 


2 


3 


3 


36 



38 



STATISTICS OF LABOR. 



Parent Nativity as Compared with Present Health — Concluded. 



Colleges and 1'arent 
Nativity. 



Kanaan. 

Both parents native, 
One parent foreign, 
Both parents foreign, 

Totals, 

3fa*8. 1. T. 
Both parents native, 
One parent foreign, 
Both parents foreign, 

Totals, 

Michigan . 
Both parents native, 
One parent foreign, 
Both parents foreign, 

Totals, 

Oberlin. 
Both parents native, 
One parent foreign, 
Both parents foreign, 

Totals, 

Smith. 
Both parents native, 
One parent foreign, 
Both parents foreign, 

Totals, 

Syracuse. 

Both parents native, 
One parent foreign, 
Both parents foreign, 

Totals, 

Vassal-. 
Both parents native, 
One parent foreign, 
Both parents foreign, 
Not given, 

Totals, 

Wellesley. 

Both parents native, 
One parent foreign, 
Both parents foreign, 
Not given, 

Totals, 

Wealeyan. 

Both parents native. 
One parent foreign, 
Both parents foreign, 

Totals, 

Wisconsin . 
Both parents native, 
One parent foreign, 
Both parents foreign, 

Totals, 

All Colleges 

Both parents native, 
One parent foreign, 
Both parents foreign, 
Not given, 

Totals, 



Present Health. 



108 

4 

13 



227 


232 


16 


18 


28 


25 


1 


2 



124 



86 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 

Out-door Exercise as Compared with Present Health. 



39 







Present Health. 


















Colleges and Hours. 


Excellent. 


Good. 


Fair. 


Indifferent 


Poor. 


GATES. 


Boston. 
Under two hours, . 
Between two aud six hours, . 
Over six hours, 
Not given 


12 
1 
3 


2 
3 

3 


1 


2 


1 
1 


2 
18 

1 
8 


Totals, . 


16 


8 


1 


2 


2 


29 


Cornell. 
Between two and six hours, . 
Over six hours, 
Not given 


9 
6 


11 
2 


1 
1 


1 

1 
1 


2 
1 


24 

1 

11 


Totals, .... 


15 


13 


2 


3 


3 


36 


Kansas. 
Between two aud six hours, . 
Over six hours, 
Not given 


5 
1 


7 
1 


- 


5 


1 


18 
1 
1 


Totals, .... 


6 


8 


- 


5 


1 


20 


Mass. T. T. 
Between two and six hours, . 


1 


2 


- 


- 


- 


3 


Totals 


1 


2 


- 


- 


- 


3 


Michigan. 
Under two hours, . 
Between two and six hours, . 
Over six hours, 
Not given, .... 


11 
3 

6 


7 
3 
5 


: 


1 
3 

1 


1 

3 
2 


2 
24 

8 
12 


Totals 


20 


15 


- 


5 


6 


46 


Oberlin. 
Between two and six hours, . 
Over six hours, 
Not given, .... 


11 
4 
1 


10 
3 
3 


2 
1 


2 
1 


1 


25 
8 
6 


Totals 


16 


16 


3 


3 


1 


39 


Smith. 
Under two hours, . 
Between two and six hours, . 
Over six hours, 
Not given, .... 


2 
13 

1 
4 


11 

2 


1 
1 


4 
1 
1 


1 
1 


2 

30 

3 

8 


Totals, .... 


20 


13 


2 


6 


2 


43 


Syracuse. 
Between two and six hours, . 
Not given, .... 


3 
1 


• 6 

1 


2 
1 


2 


1 


12 
5 


Totals 


4 


7 


3 


2 


1 


17 


Vassar. 
Under two hours, . 
Between two and six hours, . 
Over six hours, 
Not given 


1 
72 
21 
31 


11 

81 
15 
35 


16 
1 
3 


4 
22 

4 
12 


10 
2 
3 


16 
201 
43 

84 


Totals 


125 


142 


20 


42 


15 


344 


Wellesley. 
Under two hours, . 
Between two and six hours, . 
Over six hours, 
Not given 


2 
18 
2 
7 


2 
19 

7 


1 


1 
9 
1 


1 
1 


6 
47 

3 
15 


Totals 


29 


28 


1 


11 


2 


71 



40 



STATISTICS OF LABOR. 



Out-door Exercise as Compared with Present Health — Concluded. 





Pkesent Health. 




Colleges and Houbs. 


Excellent. 


Good. 


Fair. 


Indifferent. 


Poor. 


GATES. 


Wesley an. 
Between two and six hours, . 
Nut given, .... 


3 


1 
2 


- 


- 


4 
2 


Totals 

Wisconsin. 
Between two and six hours, . 
I >ver six hours, 

Xut given, .... 


3 

11 
2 
4 


3 

16 
3 
3 


2 
1 
1 


5 
1 


2 


6 

36 
6 
9 


Totals, .... 

All Colleges. 
Under two hours, . 
Between two and six hours, . 
Over six hours, 
Not given, .... 


17 

5 

169 

35 

63 


22 

15 
174 
24 
64 


4 

1 
24 
3 
8 


6 

6 

53 

7 

19 


2 

1 
22 
5 

7 


51 

28 
442 

74 
161 


Totals, .... 


272 


277 


36 


85 


35 


705 



Age at Beginning Study as Compared with Present Health. 





Pkesent Health. 




Colleges and Ages. 


Excellent. 


Good. 


Fair. 


Indifferent. 


Poor. 


GATES. 


Boston . 
Five years or under, 
Over rive years, 
Mot given 


11 
5 


5 
2 
1 


1 


1 
1 


2 


20 
8 
1 


Totals 

Cornell. 
Five years or under, 
Over rive years, 


16 

7 
8 


8 

8 
5 


1 

2 


2 

2 
1 


2 

2 
1 


29 

21 
15 


Totals, .... 

Kansas. 
Five years or under, 
Over rive years, 


15 

4 
2 


13 

5 
3 


2 


3 

3 
2 


3 

1 


36 

13 

7 


Totals 

Mass. I. T. 
Five years or under, 
Over live years, 


6 
1 


8 

1 

1 


" 


5 


1 


20 

1 
2 


Totals 

Michigan. 

Five years or under, 

< >\er five years, 

Not given, .... 


1 

16 
4 


2 

6 
8 
1 


- 


2 
3 


5 
1 


3 

29 
16 

1 


Totals, .... 

Oberlin . 
Five years or under, 
Over live years, 


20 

8 
8 


15 

14 
2 


2 
1 


5 

1 
2 


6 

1 


46 

25 
14 


Totals 


16 


16 3 


3 


1 


39 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 



41 



Age at Beginning Study as Compared with Present Health — Concluded. 





Present Health. 




Colleges and Ages. 


Excellent. 


Good. 


Fair. 


Indifferent. 


Poor. 


GATES. 


Smith. 
Five years or under, 
Over five years, 
Not given, .... 


15 
5 


6 
6 
1 


1 

1 


* 4 

2 


1 
1 


27 
15 
1 


Totals, .... 

Syracuse. 
Five years or under, 
Over five years, 
Not given, .... 


20 

1 
2 
1 


13 

2 
5 


2 

2 
1 


6 
2 


2 
1 


43 

6 

10 

1 


Totals, .... 

Vassar. . 
Five years or under, 
Over five years, 
Not given, .... 


4 

47 

72 
6 


7 

62 

77 
3 


3 

11 
9 


2 

24 
17 
1 


1 

7 
7 
1 


17 

151 

182 

11 


Totals, . . ' . 

Wellesley. 
Five years or under, 
Over five years, 
Not given, .... 


125 

17 

11 

1 


142 

16 
12 


20 
1 


42 

4 
7 


15 

1 
1 


344 

39 

31 

1 


Totals, .... 

Wesley an. 
Five years or under, 
Over five years, 


29 

2 
1 


28 
3 


1 


11 


2 


71 

5 . 
1 


Totals, .... 

Wisconsin. 
Five years or under, . . 
Over five years, 


3 

7 
10 


3 

10 
12 


3 
1 


3 
3 


1 
1 


6 

24 
27 


Totals, .... 

All Colleges. 
Five years or under, 
Over five years, 
Not given, .... 


17 

135 

129 

8 


22 

138 

133 

6 


4 

23 
13 


6 

44 

40 

1 


2 

21 

13 

1 


51 

361 

328 

16 


Totals, .... 


272 


277 


36 


85 


35 


705 



Age at Entering College as Compared with Present Health. 





Present Health. 




Colleges and Ages. 


Excellent. 


Good. 


Fair. 


Indifferent. 


Poor. 


gates. 


Boston. 

Sixteen years and under, 
Seventeen to nineteen years, . 
Twenty years and over, 
Not given, .... 


12 
4 


3 
4 
1 


1 


1 
1 


2 


1 

18 
9 
1 


Totals 

Cornell. 
Sixteen years and under, 
Seventeen to nineteen years, . 
Twenty years and over, 
Not given 


16 

10 
4 
1 


8 

1 
6 
6 


1 

1 
1 


2 

2 
1 


2 

2 
1 


29 

1 

21 

13 

1 


Totals 


15 


13 


2 


3 


3 


36 



42 



STATISTICS OF LABOR. 



Age at Entering College as Compared with Present Health — Concluded. 





Present Health. 




Colleges and Ages. 


Excellent. 


Good. 


Fair. 


Indifferent. 


Poor. 


GATES. 


Kansas. 

Sixteen years and under, 
Seventeen to nineteen years,. 
Twenty years and over, 
Not given 


3 
2 
1 


5 
2 

1 


- 


2 
3 


1 1 1 M 


11 

7 
1 

1 


Totals 

Mass. I. T. 

Seventeen to nineteen years, . 
Twenty years and over, 



1 


8 

1 
1 


- 


5 


1 

_ 

l 


20 

2 
1 


Michigan. 

Sixteen years and under, 
Seventeen to nineteen years, . 
Twenty years and over, 


1 

12 
8 


9 
6 


- 


1 
2 
2 


2 
3 
1 


3 

3 
26 
17 


Totals, .... 

Oberlin. 
Sixteen years and under, 
Seventeen to nineteen years, . 
Twenty years and over, 


20 

2 

7 
7 


15 

5 
4 

7 


1 
2 


5 

1 
1 
1 


6 
1 


46 

8 

14 
17 


Totals, .... 

Smith. 
Sixteen years and under, 
Seventeen to nineteen years, . 
Twenty years and over, 


16 

12 

8 


16 

1 

6 
6 


3 

2 


3 

1 

2 

3 


1 

1 
1 


39 

2 

23 
18 


Syracuse. 
Seventeen to nineteen years, . 
Twenty years and over, 


20 

1 
3 


13 

5 
2 


2 

1 

2 



2 


2 

1 


43 

9 
8 


Vassar. 
Sixteen years and under, 
Seventeen to nineteen years, . 
Twenty years and over, 
Not given, .... 


i 

38 
72 
15 


7 

27 

95 

19 

1 


3 

6 
14 


2 

10 
22 
10 


1" 

3 
6 
5 
1 


17 

84 

209 

49 

2 


Wellesley. 

Sixteen years and under, 
Seventeen to nineteen years, . 
Twenty years and over, 


125 

3 

20 
6 


142 

3 

20 

5 


20 

1 


42 

7 
4 


15 
2 


344 

6 
49 
16 


Totals, .... 

Wesley an. 
Seventeen to nineteen years, . 
Twenty years and over, 


29 

2 
1 


28 

1 

2 


1 


11 


2 


71 

3 
3 


Totals, .... 

Wisconsin. 
Sixteen years and under, 
Seventeen to nineteen years, . 
Twenty years and over, 


3 

5 

11 

1 


3 

4 

13 

5 


2 
1 

1 


1 
2 
3 


2 


6 

12 

29 
10 


All Colleges. 
Sixteen years and under, 
Seventeen t<> nineteen years, . 
Twenty years and over, 
Not given 


17 

51 

162 

58 

1 


46 

165 

03 

3 


4 

8 

20 

8 


6 

17 
44 
24 


2 

6 

19 
9 
1 


51 

128 

410 

162 

5 


Totals, . . . . 


272 


277 


30 


85 


35 


705 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 



43 



Time of Entering College after Beginning of Menstrual Period as Com- 
pared with Present Health. 



Colleges and Time. 



Present Health. 



Excellent. 



Good. 



Fair. 



Indifferent, 



Boston. 
Two years after, 
Three years after, . 
Four years after, 
Five years after, 
Six years after, 
Nine years after, 
Twelve years after, 
Thirteen years after, 
Nineteen years alter, 
Not given, 

Totals, 

Cornell. 
Two years after, 
Three years after, . 
Four years after, 
Five years after, 
Sis years after, 
Seven years after, . 
Eight years after, . 
Nine years after, 
Ten years after, 
Seventeen years after, 
Not given, 

Totals, 

Kansas. 
One year before, 
The same year, 
One year after, 
Two years after, 
Three years after, . 
Four years after, 
Five years after, 
Six years after, 
Not given, 

Totals, 

kass. I. T. 
Six years after, 
Ten years after, 

Totals, 



Two years after, 
Three years after, . 
Four years after, 
Five years after, 
Six years after, 
Seven years after, . 
Eight years after, . 
Nine years after, 
Ten years after, 
Twelve years after, 
Not given, . , 

Totals, 

Oberlin. 
One year after, 
Two years after, 
Three years after, . 
Four years after, 
Five years after, 
Six years after, 
Seven years after, 



Aggre- 
gates. 



44 



STATISTICS OF LABOR. 



Time of Entering College after Beginning of Menstrual Period as Com- 
pared with Present Health — Continued. 



Colleges and Time. 



Pbesent Health. 



Excellent. Good 



Fair. Indifferent. Poor 



Oberlin — Con. 
Eight years after, . 
Nine years after, 
Fourteen years after, 
Twenty-two years after, 
Not given, 

Totals, 



Smith. 
One year after, 
Two years after, 
Three years after, 
Four years after, 
Five years after, 
Six years after, 
Seven years after, 
Eight years after, 
Nine years after, 
Twelve years after, 
Not given, 

Totals, 

Syracuse 
Two years after, 
Three years after, 
Four years after, 
Five years after, 
Six years after, 
Seven years after, 
Eight years after, 
Nine years after, 
Ten years after, 
Twelve years after 

Totals, 

Vaaaar. 

One year before, 
Two years before, 
The same year, 
One year after, 
Two years after, 
Three years after, 
Four years after, 
Five years after, 
Six years after, 
Seven years after, 
Eight years after, 
Nine years after, 
Ten years after, 
Eleven years after, . 
Twelve years after, 
Thirteen years after, 
Fourteen years after 
Not given, 

Totals, 

Wellesley 
One year after, 
Two years after, 
Three years after, 
Four years after, 
Five years after, 
Six year.- al 
Seven years after, 
Eight years after, 
Ten years after, 
Not given, 

Totals, 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 



45 



Time of Entering College after Beginning of Menstrual Period as Com- 
pared with Present Health — Concluded. 



Colleges and Time. 



Wen ley an. 
Six years after, 
Ten years after, 
Not given, 

Totals, 

Wisconsin. 
The same year, 
One year after, 
Two years after, 
Three years after, . 
Four years after, . 
Five years after, 
Six years after, 
Seven years after, . 
Eight years after, . 
Nine years after, 
Eleven years after, 
Thirteen years after, 

Totals, 

All Colleges. 
One year before, 
Two years before, 
The same year, 
One year after, 
Two years after, 
Three years after, 
Four years after, 
Five years after, 
Six years after, 
Seven years after, 
Eight years after, 
Nine years after, 
Ten years after, 
Eleven years after, 
Twelve years after, 
Thirteen years after, 
Fourteen years after, 
Seventeen years after, 
Nineteen years after. 
Twenty-two years afl 
Not given, 

Totals, 



after. 



Present Health. 



Excellent. Good. 



272 



Fair. Indifferent. Poor, 



Aggre- 
gates. 



4 
1 
9 

34 

72 

97 

124 

106 

87 

52 

24 

22 

11 

3 

5 

4 

3 

1 

1 

1 

44 



Health of Parents as Compared with Present Health of Graduates. 





Present Health of Graduates. 




Parents. 


Excellent. 


Good. 


Fair. 


Indifferent. 


Poor. 


GATES. 


Boston. 
Father and mother, good 
Father and mother, poor 
Father good, mother poor 
Father poor, mother good 
Father good, mother dead 
Father poor, mother dead 
Father dead, mother good 
Father dead, mother poor 
Father and mother, dead 


10 
1 
1 

1 

1 
2 


1 
1 
1 

2 

1 
1 
1 


1 


2 


1 
1 


14 

2 
3 
2 
1 
1 
2 
3 
1 


Totals 


16 8 


1 


2 


2 


29 



46 



STATISTICS OF LABOR. 



Health of Parents as Compared with Present Health of Graduates — Con. 



Colleges and Health of ' 
Parents, 



Present Health op Graduates. 



Excellent. Good 



Cornel/. 
Father and mother, good 
Father and mother, poor 
Kather good, mother poor 
Father poor, mother good 
Father good, mother dead 
Father poor, mother dead 
Father dead, mother good 
Father dead, mother poor 

Totals, 

'Kansas. 

Father and mother, good 
Father and mother, poor 
Father good, mother poor 
Father poor, mother good 
Father dead, mother good 
Father dead, mother poor 
Father and mother, dead 

Totals, 

Mass. I. T. 
Father and mother, good 
Father and mother, dead 



Totals, 



Father 
Father 
Father 
Father 
Father 
Father 
Father 
Father 
Father 



Michigan. 
and mother, good 
and mother, poor 
good, mother poor 
poor, mother good 
good, mother dead 
poor, mother de;id 
dead, mother good 
dead, mother poor 
and mother, dead 



Totals, 

Oberlin. 
Father and mother, good 
Father and mother, poor 
Father good, mother poor 
Father good, mother dead 
Father poor, mother dead 
Father dead, mother good 
Father and mother, dead 

Totals, 



Smith. 
and mother, good 
and mother, poor 
good, mother poor 
poor, mother good 
good, mother dead 
poor, mother dead 
dead, mother good 
dead, mother poor 
and mother, dead 



Father 
Father 
Father 
Father 
Father 
Father 
Father 
Father 
Father 



Totals, 

Syracuse. 
Father and mother, good 
Father good, mother poor 
Father poor, mother good 
Father good, mother dead 
Father dead, mother good 

Totals, 



Fair. Indifferent. Poor 



L3 



AGGRE- 
GATES. 



43 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 47 



Health of Parents as Compared with Present Health of Graduates — Con. 





Present Health of Graduates. 






Colleges and Health of 










Aggre- 


Parents. 












gates. 




Excellent. 


Good. 


Fair. 


Indifferent. 


Poor. 




Vassar. 














Father and mother, good 


39 


42 


5 


12 


3 


101 


Father and mother, poor 


2 


3 


1 


3 


1 


10 


Father good, mother poor 


6 


18 


1 


6 


2 


33 


Father poor, mother good 


9 


14 


2 


4 


- 


29 


Father good, mother dead 


14 


17 


2 


2 


2 


37 


Father poor, mother dead 


3 


4 


1 


3 


_ 


11 


Father dead, mother good 


31 


20 


4 


8 


- 


63 


Father dead, mother poor 


6 


8 


1 


1 


2 


18 


Father and mother, dead 


13 


15 


3 


3 


5 


39 


Not given, .... 


2 


1 


- 


- 


- 


3 


Totals 


125 


142 


20 


42 


15 


344 


Wellesley. 














Father and mother, good 


13 


8 


- 


1 


- 


22 


Father and mother, poor 


2 


- 


- 


- 


- 


2 


Father good, mother poor 


3 


1 


- 


1 


1 


6 


Father poor, mother good 


1 


3 


- 


2 


- 


6 


Father good, mother dead 


3 


10 


1 


1 


- 


15 


Father poor, mother dead 


1 


2 


- 


_ 


1 


4 


Father dead, mother good 


4 


2 


- 


3 


_ 


9 


Father dead, mother poor 


1 


_ 


- 


2 


_ 


3 


Father and mother, dead 


1 


2 


- 


1 


- 


4 




29 


28 


1 


11 


2 


71 


Wesleyan. 














Father and mother, good 


1 


1 


- 


_ 


- 


2 


Father and mother, poor 


1 


- 


- 


- 


- 


1 


Father poor, mother good 


- 


1 


- 


- 


- 


1 


Father good, mother dead 


1 


- 


- 


- 


- 


1 


Father and mother, dead 


- 


1 


- 


- 


- 


1 


Totals, . 


3 


3 


- 


- 


- 


6 


Wisconsin. 














Father and mother, good 


7 


4 


2 


1 


_ 


14 


Father and mother, poor 


1 


3 


1 


- 


- 


5 


Father good, mother poor 


3 


4 


_ 


1 


_ 


8 


Father poor, mother good 


- 


1 


- 


1 


1 


3 


Father good, mother dead 


- 


3 


- 


1 


- 


4 


Father dead, mother good 


2 


4 


1 


2 


- 


9 


Father dead, mother poor 


1 


2 


- 


_ 


_ 


3 


Father and mother, dead 


3 


1 


- 


- 


1 


5 


Totals 


17 


22 


4 


6 


2 


51 


All Colleges. 














Father and mother, good 


97 


76 


9 


26 


6 


214 


Father and mother, poor 


12 


8 


3 


6 


4 


33 


Father good, mother poor 


25 


35 


2 


11 


6 


79 


Father poor, mother good 


21 


27 


2 


8 


3 


61 


Father good, mother dead 


24 


38 


3 


7 


4 


76 


Father poor, mother dead 


4 


9 


2 


3 


2 


20 


Father dead, mother good 


50 


42 


9 


15 


1 


117 


Father dead, mother poor 


13 


12 


1 


4 


2 


32 


Father and mother, dead 


24 


29 


5 


5 


7 


70 


Not given 


2 


1 


- 


- 


- 


3 


Totals, . 


272 


277 


36 


85 


35 ■ 


705 



48 



STATISTICS OF LABOR. 



Hereditary Tendency to Disease as Compared with Present Health 





Present Health. 




Tendency. 


Excellent. 


Good. 


Fair. 


Indifferent. 


Poor. 


GATES. 


Boston. 

From father 

From mother, .... 
From father and mother, 
>,'<>t specified, .... 
No hereditary tendency, 


1 

1 

4 
10 


1 
4 
3 


1 


2 


2 


2 
1 
1 

8 
17 


Totals 

Cornell. 

From father 

From mother, .... 

Not specified 

No hereditary tendency, 


16 

2 
3 

10 


8 

1 
1 

7 
4 


1 
2 


2 

2 
1 


2 
3 


29 

1 

3 

12 

20 


Totals 

Kansas. 

From father and mother, 

Not specified 

No hereditary tendency, 


15 

2 
4 


13 

1 
2 
5 


2 


3 
5 


3 
1 


36 

1 
9 
10 


Totals 

Mass. I. T. 
No hereditary tendency, 


6 
1 


8 
2 


; 


5 


1 


20 
3 


Totals, .... 

Michigan. 

From father 

From mother 

From father and mother, 
Not specified, .... 
No hereditary tendency, 


1 

2 

1 
4 
13 


2 

1 
1 

3 

10 


- 


1 

4 


1 

2 
3 


3 

1 
4 

1 
10 
30 


Totals 

Oberlin. 
From mother, .... 
From father and mother, 
Not specified, .... 
No hereditary tendency, 


20 

3 

6 
7 


15 

2 

1 
3 

• 10 


2 
1 


5 

2 
1 


6 
1 


46 

5 

1 

13 
20 


Totals, .... 

Smith. 
From mother, .... 

Not specified 

No hereditary tendency, 


16 

7 
13 


16 

2 
3 
8 


3 

2 


3 

1 
5 


1 

1 
1 


39 

3 
13 
27 


Totals 

Syracuse. 
From mother, .... 
Not specified, .... 

No hereditary tendency, 


20 

1 
3 


13 

1 

6 


2 

1 
1 

1 


6 
2 


2 

1 


43 

2 
2 
13 


Totals, .... 

Vassar. 
From father, .... 
From mother, .... 
From father and mother, 
Noi specified, .... 
No hereditary tendency, 


4 

4 

2 

2 

25 

92 


7 

3 

2 

1 

33 

103 


3 

2 
1 

6 
11 


2 

2 
3 
2 

13 
22 


1 

2 

2 
11 


17 

11 

10 

5 

79 

239 


Totals, .... 

Wellesley. 

From father 

From mother 

From fat her and mother, 

Not specified 

No hereditary tendency, 


125 

1 

4 

4 
20 


142 

2 

4 

22 


20 
1 


42 

3 
4 
4 


15 

1 
1 


344 

1 

6 
3 
13 

48 


Totals 


29 


28 


1 


11 


2 


71 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 



49 



Hereditary Tendency to Disease 


a.? Compared with Present Health 


— Con. 




Present Health. 




Tendency. 


Excellent. 


Good. 


Fair. 


Indifferent 


Poor. 


GATES. 


Wes/eyan. 
Not specified, .... 
No hereditary tendency, 


1 

2 


3 


- 


- 


- 


4 

2 


Totals 

Wisconsin. 
From father, .... 
Not specified, .... 
No hereditary tendency, 


3 

1 
5 
11 


3 

1 

7 
14 


1 

3 


1 

5 


1 
1 


6 

2 
15 
34 


Totals 

All Colleges. 
From father, .... 
From mother, .... 
From father and mother, 
Not specified, .... 
No hereditary tendency, 


17 

7 
15 

3 

61 

186 


22 

6 
10 
4 

70 
187 


4 

3 

2 

12 

19 


6 

2 

4 

5 

28 

46 


2 

3 

7 
25 


,51 

18 

34 

12 

178 

463 


Totals, .... 


272 


277 


36 


85 


35 


705 



In the second series of comparison tables which follow, we 
present first the age at entering college as compared with 
health during college life ; then compare college study and 
college worry with health during college life, and give the 
present health of graduates who entered society a good deal 
during college life. 



Age at Entering College as Compared with Health during College Life. 



Colleges and Age 
Classification. 



Boston. 

16 years and under, 

17 to 19 years, 

20 years and over, 
Not given, . 

Totals, . 

Cornell. 

16 years and under, 

17 to 19 years, 

20 years and over, 
Not given, . . 

Totals, . 

Kansas. 

16 years and under, 

17 to 19 years, 

20 years and over, 
Not given, . . 

Totals, . 



Deterioration in Health. 



G° 



1-2 

a o £ 
x o S 

3.3° 



t- o 
33 o 
<a p, 



Ko Change or 
An Improvement. 



sS 



50 



STATISTICS OF LABOR. 



Age at Entering College as Compared with Health during College Life — Con. 





Deterioration in 


Health. 


Total Number 
whose health 
deteriorated. 


No Change or 
An Improvement. 




Colleges AND Age 
Classification. 


g 

o o 


ii 

2o<2 


Krom excellent 
or pood to 
indillerentor 
poor. 


u 

£ 2 
"g . 

o £ ° 


r O> U 

■o o. 

S o 


Ml 

a 

03 

o 

o 


% 

I* 

p. . 

Ma 


M 
H 
■< 
O 
Ul 
S3 

o 

V 

< 


Mass. I. T. 
17 to 19 years, 
20 years and over, 


l 


- 


- 


- 


- 


1 


1 
1 


_ 


2 

1 


Totals, . 


i 


- 


- 


- 


- 


1 


2 


- 


3 


Michigan- 

16 years and under, . 

17 to >9 years, 

20 years' and over, 


i 


i 


1 
2 

1 


: 


: 


1 
4 
1 


14 
11 


2 
8 
5 


3 
26 
17 


Totals, . 


i 


i 


4 


- 


- 


6 


25 


15 


46 


Oberlin. 

16 years and under, . 

17 to l' 1 years, 

'20 years and over, 


l 
l 


- 


- 


: 


: 


1 
1 


6 
10 

12 


1 
3 
5 


8 
14 

17 


Totals, . 


2 


- 


- 


- 


- 


2 


28 


9 


, 39 


Smith. 

16 years and under, . 

17 to 19 years, 

•20 years and over, 


2 
1 


2 


1 
1 


- 


1 


5 
8 


1 

12 
6 


1 

6 
9 


2 
23 
18 


Totals, . 


3 


2 


2 


- 


1 


19 


16 


43 


Syracuse. 

17 to 19 years, 
20 years and over, 


1 
1 


1 


1 


1 


_ 


2 
3 


6 

4 


1 
1 


9 

8 


Totals, . 


2 


1 


1 


1 


- 


5 


10 


2 


17 


Yassar. 

16 years and under, . 

17 to 19 years, 

20 years and over, 
Not given, . 


7 
7 
2 


3 
10 
3 


11 
14 
3 
1 


1 
1 


3 

1 
1 


25 
33 
9 

1 

68 


45 

129 

25 

1 

200 


14 
47 
15 

76 


84 

209 

49 

2 


Totals, . 


16 


16 


29 


2 


5 


344 


lJ>//< sley. 
10 years and under, . 
17 to 19 years, 
20 years and over, 


6 


1 
2 
3 


7 
1 


- 


1 


1 

15 
5 

21 


5 

30 

7 


4 
4 


6 
49 
16 


Totals, . 


6 


6 


8 


- 


1 


42 


8 


71 


Wi sleyan. 

17 to 19 years, 
20 years and over, 


- 


_ 


- 


- 


- 


_ 


3 
3 


- 


3 
3 


Totals, . 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


6 


- 


6 


Wisconsin. 

16 years and under, . 

17 to 19 years, 

20 years and over, 


2 
1 


- 


1 


1 


- 


2 
2 
1 

5 


8 

22 

6 


2 
5 
3 


12 
29 
10 


Totals, . 


3 


- 


1 


1 


- 


36 


10 


51 


All Colleges. 

16 years and under, . 

17 to 19 years, 

20 years and over, 
Not given, . 


13 

21 
8 


5 
15 
8 


14 
32 

8 
1 


1 

2 
1 


3 
1 
4 
1 


36 

71 

29 

2 

138 


70 

258 

87 

3 

418 


22 
81 
46 

149 


128 

410 

162 

5 


Totals, . 


42 


28 


65 


4 


9 


705 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 



51 



College Study and College Worry as Compared with Health during College 

Life. 





College 


Study. 




CO 

H 

< 




College 


Worry. 




Colleges and 




6 


o « 






CO 


■a'S . 


u u 


Health. 


s 


2 


03 *| 


<D 


9 


m 


c is 


-*-• C3 u 


*S . 






CL> 




U 


a 




o ta 


^ _»s 






a 
pq 


■a 

o 

. 3 




> 
CO 


a 

< 


5 




P5 




Boston. 




















Excellent, . 


- 


13 


- 


3 


16 


5 


i 


_ 


10 


Good, . 


- 


5 


- 


2 


7 


2 


i 


2 


2 


Fair, . 


- 


' - 


- 


- 


- 


- 


_ 


_ 


_ 


Indifferent, . 


- 


1 


- 


2 


3 


1 


i 


1 


_ 


Poor, . 


- 


2 


- 


1 


3 


- 


2 


- 


1 


Totals, . 


- 


21 


- 


8 


29 


8 


5 


3 


13 


Cornell. 




















Excellent, . 


- 


10 


1 


5 


16 


3 


3 


1 


9 


Good, . 


- 


9 


1 


2 


12 


- 


5 


2 


5 


Fair, . 


- 


2 


- 


2 


4 


_ 


1 


2 


1 


Indifferent, . 


- 


1 


1 


_ 


2 


1 


_ 


1 


_ 


Poor, . 


- 


- 


- 


2- 


2 


- 


- 


2 


- 


Totals, . 


- 


22 


3 


11 


36 


4 


9 


8 


15 


Kansas. 




















Excellent, . 


- 


1 


_ 


1 


2 


_ 


_ 


_ 


2 


Good, . 


- 


5 


1 


6 


12 


7 


_ 


2 


3 


Fair, . 


- 


1 


_ 


_ 


1 


1 


_ 


_ 


_ 


Indifferent, . 


_ 


1 


_ 


4 


5 


1 


1 


3 


_ 


Poor, . 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


" 


Totals, . 


- 


8 


1 


11 


20 


9 


1 


5 


5 


Mass. I. T. 




















Excellent, . 


_ 


1 


_ 


_ 


1 


_ 


1 


_ 


_ 


Good, . 


_ 


1 


- 


1 


2 


_ 


_ 


1 


1 


Fair, . 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 






Indifferent, . 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 




Poor, . 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


Totals, . 


- 


2 


- 


1 


3 


- 


1 


1 


1 


Michigan. 




















Excellent, . 


- 


11 


- 


9 


20 


3 


1 


5 


11 


Good, . 


- 


8 


2 


7 


17 


1 


4 


<5 


6 


Fair, . 


- 


2 


_ 


_ 


2 


1 


_ 




1 


Indifferent, . 


_ 


3 


_ 


2 


5 


1 


1 


2 


1 


Poor, . 


- 


2 


- 


- 


2 


1 


- 


1 




Totals, . 


- 


26 


2 


18 


46 


7 


6 


14 


19 


Oberlin. 




















Excellent, . 


- 


8 


1 


6 


15 


1 


1 


3 


10 


Good, . 


- 


10 


1 


8 


19 


5 


2 


1 


11 


Fair, . 


- 


3 


1 


_ 


4 


_ 


1 


_ 


3 


Indifferent, . 


- 


1 


- 


_ 


1 


_ 




_ 


1 


Poor, . 


- 


- 


- 


- 




- 


- 


- 




Totals, . 




22 


3 


14 


39 


6 


4 


4 


25 


Smith. 




















Excellent, . 


- 


11 


1 


1 


13 


2 


1 


2 


8 


Good, . 


- 


10 


4 


5 


19 


3 


6 


4 


6 


Fair, . 


- 


1 


_ 


2 


3 


_ 


2 


1 




Indifferent, . 


_ 


6 


_ 


1 


7 


_ 


3 


2 


2 


Poor, . 


-. 


- 


- 


1 


1 


- 






1 


Totals, . 


- 


28 


5 


10 


43 


5 


12 


9 


17 


Syracuse. 




















Excellent, . 


- 


3 


_ 


2 


5 


1 


1 


3 




Good, . 


- 


5 


- 


1 


6 


3 






3 


Fair, . 


- 


- 


_ 


1 


1 


1 


_ 


_ 


_ 


Indifferent, . 


_ 


3 


_ 


_ 


3 


1 


_ 


1 


1 


Poor, . 


- 


- 


- 


2 


2 




- 


1 


1 


Totals, . 


- j 11 


- 


6 


17 


6 


1 


5 

1 


5 



52 



STATISTICS OF LABOR. 



College Slady and College Worry as Compared tvith Health during College 
Life — Concluded. 





College Study. 


H 




College 


Worry. 




Colleges and 




to 








O) 


■o^ . 


a ° 


Health. 


— 








O 


o5 


CO ■- 


- :r •" 






.— 


u 


o3 V 


£ 




.2 


§£ 








3 


•a 

o 


•a "> 

o a 


> 


a 
o 

< 


•a 

a 




- 


5 l| 


Vasaarn 




















Excellent, . 


2 


86 


9 


22 


119 


34 


8 


9 


68 


Good, . 


_ 


78 


20 


32 


130 


33 


15 


21 


61 


Fair, . 


l 


13 


7 


9 


30 


7 


4 


6 


13 


Indifferent, . 


l 


30 


7 


16 


54 


16 


9 


16 


13 


Poor, . 


- 


4 


2 


5 


11 
344 


7 
97 


36 


3 


1 


Totals, . 


4 


21 


45 


84 


55 


156 


Wellealey. 




















Excellent, . 


- 


22 


- 


2 


24 


9 


1 


2 


12 


Good, . 


- 


12 


_ 


14 


26 


10 


2 


4 


10 


Fair, . 


- 


4 


2 


3 


9 


1 


2 


2 


4 


Indifferent, . 


_ 


5 


1 


3 


9 


1 


1 


5 


2 


Poor, . 


~— 


2 
45 


3 


1 


3 

71 


- 


3 


- 


- 


Totals, . 


23 


21 


9 


13 


28 


Wesley an. 




















Excellent, . 


— 


1 


. 


2 


3 


_ 


_ 


1 


2 


Good, . 


_ 


2 


_ 


1 


3 


_ 


1 


1 


1 


Fair, . 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 




_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


Indifferent, . 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


_ 


Poor, . 


- 


- 


- 


- 


6 


- 


- 


- 


- 


Totals, . 


- 


3 


- 


3 


- 


1 


2 


3 


Wisconsin. 




















Excellent, . 


_ 


17 


1 


3 


21 


2 


1 


1 


17 


Good, . 


_ 


15 


1 


4 


20 


4 


2 


7 


7 


Fair, . 


_ 


1 


_ 


_ 


1 


_ 


_ 


_ 


1 


Indifferent, . 


_ 


6 


_ 


3 


9 


3 


1 


4 


1 


Poor, . 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 




- 


- 


- 


. Totals, . 


- 


39 


2 


10 


51 


9 


4 


12 


26 


All Colleges. 




















Excellent, . 


2 


184 


13 


56 


255 


60 


19 


27 


149 


Good, . 


- 


160 


30 


83 


273 


68 


38 


51 


116 


Fair, . 


1 


27 


10 


17 


55 


11 


10 


11 


23 


Indifferent, . 


1 


57 


9 


31 


98 


25 


17 


35 


21 


Poor, . 


* - 


10 


2 


12 


24 
705 


8 


5 


7 


4 


Totals, . 


4 


438 


64 


199 


172 


89 


131 


313 



Present Health of Graduates who entered Society a good deal during 

College Life. 



Colleges. 


Excellent. 


Good. 


Fair. 


Indifferent 


Poor. 


Aggre- 
gates. 


Boston, 
Cornell, . 
Kansas, . 
Michigan, 
OberlLn, . 
Smith, 
Syracuse, 
vassar, 
Wisconsin, 










2 
2 
3 
1 
1 

5 


1 

1 

3 


1 


1 

2 

1 


1 

1 


4 
2 
3 
4 
1 
1 
1 
11 
1 


Totals, 










14 5 


1 


6 2 


28 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 



53 



In the third and last series of comparison tables, we show 
the condition of those graduates who studied severely while at 
college, and compare first the health at time of entering col- 
lege and health during college life with their health at the 
present time ; give second the number reporting disorders, 
also, as compared with present health ; then show the number 
of disorders reported by them ; give the disorders by name, 
and, finally, show the time and cause for each disorder. The 
five tables follow. 



Health at Time of Entering and During College Life of Graduates ivho 
Studied Severely at College, as Compared with Present Health. 





Health at time of entering 
College. 


BQ 

w 

H 

■4 
o 
a 
« 
a 

< 


Health during college life. 


colleges and 
Present Health. 


X 


T3 

O 

o 
O 


Eh 


1 
-5 


o 
o 
Ph 




•a 
o 
o 

a 


'3 


c 

1 
■3 

a 


u 
o 
o 


Boston. 

Excellent, 

Good, 

Fair, 

Indifferent, 

Poor, 


2 
1 
1 
1 


2 


- 


1 


- 


2 
2 
1 
1 
2 


2 

1 


2 


: 


1 
1 


1 


Totals, 

Cornell. 
Excellent, 
Good, 
Fair, 

Indifferent, 
Poor, 


5 

2 

4 

1 


2 

1 
2 

1 


1 


1 

1 
1 


- 


8 

3 

6 

2 
3 


3 

2 
3 

1 


2 

1 

2 


1 

1 


1 


1 

2 


Totals, 

Kansas. 
Excellent, 
Good, 

Indifferent, 


7 
1 


4 

4 
2 


1 
1 


2 

2 

1 

1 


" 


14 

2 
7 

3 


6 


3 

1 
6 

1 


2 


1 

1 
1 

2 


2 


Totals, . , . 

Mass. I. T. 
Excellent, 
G-ood, 
Fair, . 
Indifferent, 


1 
1 


6 


1 


4 


- 


12 
1 

! 1 

11 
5 

i 3 
1 1 


- 


8 
1 


- 


4 


- 


Totals, 

Michigan. 
Excellent, 
Good, 

Indifferent, 
Poor, 


1 

8 


3 

2 


1 


2 
1 


1 
1 

1 


9 


1 

2 
5 

1 
1 


- 


2 


: 


Totals, 


8 


5 


1 


3 


3 


I 20 


9 


9 


- 


2 


- 



54 



STATISTICS OF LABOR. 



Health at Time of Entering and During College Life of Graduates who 
Studied Severely at College, as Compared with Present Health — Con. 





Health at time of entering 

COLLEGE. 


H 
H 

< 


Health during college 


LIFE. 


Colleges and 


. 
















S 


























Pkesent Health. 


6 






g 






a 












9 


■o 
o 

o 


u 


5 


8 


« 
O 

o 


3 
a 

•A 


o 


'5 


3 


o 

o 




W 


O 


Ph 


•8 


* 


< 


a 


O 


Eh 


- 1 


Ch 


Oberlin. 
























Excellent, 


3 


5 


- 


- 


- 


8 


6 


2 


- 


- 


- 


Good, 


2 


3 


- 


l 


l 


7 


1 


5 


1 


- 


- 


Fair. 
























Indifferent, 


- 


2 


- 


- 


- 


2 


- 


2 


- 


- 


- 


Poor, 
























Totals, 


5 


10 


- 


l 


l 


17 


7 


9 


1 


- 


- 


Smith. 
























Excellent, 


1 


3 


- 


l 


- 


5 


1 


3 


1 


- 


- 


Good, 


2 


2 


- 


2 


- 


6 


- 


5 


1 


- 


- 


Fair, 
























Indifferent, 


- 


- 


- 


3 


- 


3 


- 


1 


- 


1 


1 


Poor, 


- 


1 


- 


- 


- 


1 

15 


- 


1 


- 


- 


- 


Totals, 


3 


6 


- 


6 


- 


1 


10 


2 


1 


1 


Syracuse. 
























Excellent, 


- 


1 


- 


- 


- 


1 


1 


- 


- 


- 


- 


Good, 


1 


- 


- 


- 


l 


2 


1 


1 


- 


- 


- 


Fair, 


- 


1 


1 


- 


_ 


2 


- 


- 


1 


- 


1 


Indifferent, 
























Poor, 


- 


- 


- 


- 


l 


1 


- 


- 


- 


- 


1 


Totals, 


1 


2 


1 


- 


2 


6 


2 


1 


1 


- 


2 


Vassar. 
























Excellent, 


22 


9 


- 


5 


2 


38 


23 


12 


1 


- 


2 


Good, 


10 


26 


- 


14 


4 


54 


6 


32 


6 


8 


2 


Fair, 


5 


5 


2 


4 


4 


20 


2 


5 


3 


8 


2 


Indifferent, 


1 


5 


_ 


2 


- 


8 


- 


2 


3 


3 


_ 


Poor, 


2 


5 


- 


1 


1 


9 


- 


2 


3 


4 


- 


Totals, 


40 


50 


2 


26 


11 


129 


31 


53 


16 


23 


6 


Wellesley. 
























Excellent, 


2 


3 


- 


o 


- 


7 


2 


2 


o 


1 


- 


Good, 


3 


7 


- 


- 


- 


10 


- 


10 


- 


- 


- 


Fair, 


- 


1 


- 


- 


- 


1 


- 


- 


1 


- 


- 


Indifferent, 


1 


3 


- 


1 


2 


7 


- 


2 


2 


3 


- 


Poor, 


1 


- 


- 


- 


- 


1 


- 


- 


- 


- 


1 


Totals, 


7 


14 


- 


3 


2 


26 


2 


14 


5 


4 


1 


Wesleyan. 
























Excellent, 


2 


- 


- 


- 


- 


2 





- 


- 


- 


- 


Good, 


- 


1 


- 


- 


- 


1 


- 


1 


- 


- 


- 


Fair, 
























Indifferent, 
























Poor, 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


Totals, 


2 


1 


- 


- 


- 


3 


2 


1 


- 


- 


- 


Wisconsin. 
























Excellent, 


1 


1 


1 


- 


- 


3 


2 


1 


- 


- 


_ 


Good, 


1 


3 


1 


1 


- 


6 


2 


3 


- 


1 


- 


Fair, 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


- 


_ 


Indifferent, 


- 


- 


- 


2 


- 


2 


- 


- 


- 


2 


- 


Poor, 


- 


1 


- 


- 


- 


1 


- 


1 


- 


- 


- 


Totals, 


2 


5 


2 


3 


- 


12 


4 


5 


- 


3 


- 


All Colleges. 
























Excellent, 


43 


23 


1 


12 


3 


82 


50 


24 


4 


2 


2 


Good, 


26 


51 


■•; 


20 


7 


107 


13 


r.i 


9 


10 


2 


Fair, 


6 


7 


3 


4 


4 


24 


2 


5 


5 


9 


3 


Indifferent, 


3 


14 


1 


10 


3 


31 


2 


9 


6 


13 


1 


Poor, 


4 


10 


- 


3 


2 


19 


- 


5 


3 


6 


5 


Totals, 


82 


105 


8 


49 


19 


263 


67 


116 


27 


40 


13 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 



55 



Number of Graduates tvho Studied Severely at College reporting Disorders, 
as Compared with Present Health. 





Present Health. 






Excellent. 


| Good. 


Fair. 


Indifferent 


Poor. 


GATES. 


Boston. 
Disorders, . 
No disorders, . 


1 
1 


2 


1 


1 


2 


7 
1 


Totals, .... 


2 


2 


1 


1 


2 


8 


Cornell. 
Disorders, .... 
No disorders, .... 


1 

2 


3 
3 


_ 


2 


3 


9 

5 


Totals, .... 


3 


6 


- 


2 


3 


14 


Kansan 
Disorders, .... 
No disorders, .... 


2 


3 

4 


- 


3 


- 


8 
4 


Totals, .... 


2 


7 


- 


3 


- 


12 


Mass. I. T. 
Disorders, .... 
No disorders, ; . . . 


- 


1 


- 


- 


- 


1 


Totals 


- 


1 


- 


- 


- 


1 


Michigan 
Disorders, .... 
No disorders, .... 


9 

2 


4 
1 


- 


2 
1 


i 


16 
4 


Totals, .... 


11 


5 


- 


3 


1 


20 


Oberlin . 
Disorders, .... 
No disorders, .... 


3 
5 


6 
1 


- 


2 


- 


11 

6 


Totals, .... 


8 


7 


2 


- 


17 


Smith. 
Disorders, .... 
No disorders, .... 


4 
1 


5 
1 


: 


2 
1 


1 


12 


Totals, .... 


5 


6 


- 


3 


1 


15 


Syracuse 
Disorders, .... 
No disorders, . . . 


1 


1 
1 


2 


: 


1 


5 
1 


Totals, .... 


1 


2 


2 


- 


1 


6 


Vas-^ar. 
Disorders, .... 
No disorders, .... 


20 
18 


35 
19 


19 
1 


7 
1 


8 
1 


S9 
40 


Totals, .... 


38 


54 


20 


8 


9 


129 


Wellesley. 
Disorders, .... 

No disorders, . . . . 


4 
3 


5 
5 


1 


6 
1 


1 


17 
9 


Totals 


7 


10 


1 


7 


1 


26 


Wesley an. 
Disorders, 
No disorders, . 


2 


1 


- 


- 


-. 


g 


Totals, . . . 


2 


1 


- 


- 


- 


3 


Wisconsin. 
Disorders, 
No disorders, . . . . I 


1 

2 


2 
4 


- 


2 


1 


6 
6 


Totals, 


3 


6 


- 


2 


1 1 


,12 


Ail Colleges. 
Disorders, 
No disorders 


46 
36 


67 
40 


23 
1 


27 
4 


18 
1 


181 
82 


Totals, .... 


82 


107 


24 


31 


19 


263 



56 



STATISTICS OF LABOR. 



Number of Disorders reported by Graduates who Studied Severely at 

College. 



Klmbkk of Disorders. 


c 

o 
o 

n 


a 
o 


09 

C 

as 


DD 
3 


a 
s 
u 

s 


O 


a 


9 
« 

a 
>> 


03 

C3 
> 


>> 
1 


CD 


d 

e 
o 

1 


H 

■J O 

-J a 

o 
o 


( me disorder, 
Two disorders, 
Three disorders, . 
Four disorders, 
Five disorders, 
Six disorders, 
Eight disorders, . 
I* ine disorders, 




l 

4 
1 

I 


3 
3 
1 

1 

1 

9 


• 5 
3 


1 


7 
4 
3 
1 
1 


5 

:; 
3 


4 
4 
1 
1 
1 
1 


3 
1 

1 


28 
28 
18 
11 
3 

1 

89 


6 
6 

5 


: 


2 
1 
2 
1 

6 


63 
58 
33 
16 

8 

1 
1 
1 


Totals, . 




7 


8 


1 


16 


11 


12 


g 


17 


181 



Disorders reported by Graduates who Studied Severely at College. 



Disorders. 


6 


£ 

8 


5 3 

« 1 a 


P 
as 
ec 

3 


V 

a 
O 


% 

V. 


00 


C 
a 

3 


— 


>> 

e 


c 

a 
o 
o 

1 


to 
Ed 

j a 
J ad 

o 
(J 


Heart and other disorders, 

Totals, 

Lungs only 

Lungs aud other disorders, . 

Totals, 

.Stomach only, 

Stomach and other disorders, 

Liver and other disorders, 

Totals, 

Bowels only 

Bowels and other disorders, . 

Generative organs only, . 

Generative organs and other disorders, 

Totals, 

Urinary organs and other disorders, 

Totals, 

Osseous system only 

i Isseous system and' other disorders, . 

Nervous system only, .... 
Nervous system and other disorders, . 


3 
3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 
4 

5 


i 
i 

i 

i 

3 
3 

2 

■1 

2 
2 

5 
5 

1 

1 

3 

4 

7 


i 

i 

i 
i 

i 

3 

1 

1 

1 
2 

3 


1 

1 


2 
2 

1 
1 

1 

2 

3 

2 

2 

1 
2 

4 
4 

4 

4 

2 

4 

6 


1 
2 

2 

2 

1 
2 

3 

3 
3 

1 

1 

1 
2 

3 

1 


1 

1 

2 
2 

1 

5 
6 

3 
3 

1 

1 

1 
2 

3 

2 
2 

2 

5 

7 


1 
1 
1 

1 

1 
1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 


7 
7 

5 

5 

3 
11 

14 

1 

18 

19 

1 
8 

9 

11 

11 

6 
23 

29 

5 
5 

3 

3 

7 
27 

34 


2 

2 

2 
2 

7 
7 

4 

4 

1 

1 
o 

4 

6 

2 

1 

3 

1 
1 

3 
3 


— 


1 
1 

2 
2 

4 
4 

1 
1 

1 
1 

2 
2 

2 
2 


13 

13 

1 
11 

12 

5 

28 

33 

4 

43 

47 

4 
21 

25 

4 
25 

29 

10 
41 

51 

1 

8 

9 

4 

4 

16 
53 

69 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 57 

Disorders reported by Graduates who Studied Severely at College — Con. 



Disorders. 


B 
3 


c 

c 


5 


EH 

a 
3 


C 

.SP 
3 


a 
o 


5 
1 


a 
o 

02 


a 
> 


>, 

£ 


>> 


.5 

o 
o 


- a 

o 
a 


Muscular system only, .... 
Muscular system and other disorders, . 


— 


— 


— 


-- 


2 

2 


— 


2 
2 


] 
1 


3 
3 





— 


1 
1 


1 

8 


Neuralgia and other disorders, 

Totals 


3 
3 


2 

2 


- 


- 


1 

1 


3 


3 


- 


16 
16 


1 

1 


— 


2 
2 


31 
31 


Rheumatism and other disorders, . 


2 
2 


1 

1 


— 


~ 


1 

1 


1 
1 

2 





1 
1 


14 
14 


1 
1 


- 


1 

1 


2 
21 

23 


Catarrh only, 

Catarrh and other disorders, . 


- 


- 


1 


- 


1 


" 


- 


- 


1 


- 
1 


" 


- 


1 
3 


Totals, 


- 


- 


1 


- 


1 


- 


- 


- 


1 


1 


- 


- 


4 


Constitutional weakness only, 
Constitutional weakness and other dis- 


— 


— ' 


— 


— 


- 


- 





" 


1 

4 


- 


- 





1 
4 
5 


Developmental onty, .... 
Developmental and other disorders, 


— 


— 


— 


— 


1 


— 


: 


— 


1 
1 

2 


— 





" 


2 

1 

3 


Eyes and other disorders, 


1 


— 




-- 




- 


- 


- 


2 


— 


— 





2 
3 

5 


Fevers and other disorders, . 


— 


1 


- 


— 





- 


- 


- 


4 

1 

11 


1 
1 





- 


7 
8 

15 


General debility only 

General debility and other disorders, . 


— 


— 


- 


— 


- 


- 


- 


- 


1 


— 


- 


— 


1 
1 


Malaria and other disorders, . 


— 


— 




— 























2 


Measles and other disorders, . 


— 


— 




— 


- 


— - 


— 


- 


3 


" 





2 


5 
5 


Mumps only, 

Mumps and other disorders, . 


— 


— 




— 


1 


— 


— " 


- 


— 


- 


— 


1 
1 


2 

2 


Scrofula and other disorders, 


— 


— 




— 





— 





— 


1 


- 


— 


- 


1 
1 


Throat and other disorders, . 


— 


— 







— 


— 




" 


5 


J- 


— 


2 

5 

7 



58 



STATISTICS OF LABOR. 



Time and Causes of Disorders reported by Graduates 



Heart, . 

Brain, . . . . 

Lungs 

Stomach, . 
Liver, . 
Bowels, . 
Generative organs, . 
Urinary organs, 
Osseous system, 
Nervous system, 
Muscular system, 
Neuralgia. 
Rheumatism, . 

Catarrh 

Constitutional weakness, 

Developmental, 

Eyes, . 

Fever, . . . . 

General debility, 

Malaria 

Measles, . 

Mumps 

Scrofula, . 

Throat 



Totals, 



Time op Disorder. 



REVIEW OF THE TABLES. 

The tables which we have presented give the facts in detail 
for each college, and for all colleges, as reported by the 705 
graduates who made returns to the committee on health statis- 
tics. As has been stated, the tables plainly indicate results 
and need but little explanation. In the review of the tables, 
which follows, we shall consider results for all colleges only, 
without regard to the individual college, the facts as applied to 
the whole number of graduates affording 1 the fairest basis of 
comparison, and being, moreover, amply sufficient for our pur- 
poses, and all that the space allotted to this Part will warrant. 
It should be stated, however, that the averages presented for 
Oberlin college, as regards conditions since graduation and 
present age, are greatly in excess of the averages for the 
same points for the other colleges. This excess is due to the 
greater number of years that Oberlin college has been open to 
women. 

Under conditions of childhood, from the table showing 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 



59 



uho Studied Severely during College Life. 



Causes of Disorder. 



oi 

a w 
o S> 

11 

«- 03 

- a 


+ 

u 

a 

'5 

>B 
S3 

pq 


> 

c 

3 
t),ii 

= o 
Sis 
a 


a 
g 

03 

B 

o 

3 
H 


OS 

.CO 


5 a*. 

g 03 >> 
3 «J 03 

jSl 


Constitutional 
weakness and 
intellectual 
overwork. 


£a • 

o <u° 

« ? 2 

sj.se: "3 
||| 


0) M 

> ^ " 

— c - 

03« s> 

= cS 
l a « 

a £ " 


a j, 
S* 

"S 03 
"OS'0 

a £? . 

b a. a 
o'o.S 

a =s 


Constitutional 
weakness, bad 
sanitary,* and 
emotional strain. 


Constitutional 
weakness, intel- 
lectual over- 
work, and emo- 
tional strain. 


Bad sanitary,* 
emotional strain, 
and physical ac- 
cident. 


Bad sanitary,* 
intellectual over- 
work, emotional 
strain, and phys- 
ical accident 


To 
S 


4 

2 

10 

13 

9 

11 

6 

3 

8 
1 
5 
4 
2 

1 
1 

2 


3 

4 
6 

2 

1 
1 
2 
1 
6 
3 

1 
1 

1 
2 


2 
1 
6 
1 
1 
2 

13 

1 
3 
1 

1 
1 

1 


2 

4 

5 

2 

2 


S 

2 
1 
1 


i 
i 

2 

1 

1 
1 


2 
1 
1 
3 

1 


3 

2 
1 

4 

10 
1 


1 
1 

2 

1 
1 


i 

i 

i 

i 

i 


1 

1 

1 
1 


3 

2 

3 
1 

1 


1 
1 

1 
4 

2 
1 


1 
1 

1 


5 

1 
16 
16 
6 
13 
15 
5 
1 
19 
4 
11 
14 
2 
3 
3 

11 

4 
2 
1 
2 


82 


: M 


34 


15 


12 


7 


8 


21 


6 


5 


4 


10 


10 


3 


154 



'Bad sanitary" means "bad sanitary conditions," and is thus abbreviated for want of space. 



parent nativity, it appears that, of the 705 graduates considered, 
587, or 83.26 per cent, are the children of native American par- 
ents ; 69, or 9.79 per cent, are of purely foreign parentage ; 25, 
or 3.54 per cent, had a foreign father and native mother, while 
20, or 2.84 per cent, had a foreign mother and native father. 
Four graduates, or 0.57 per cent, do not indicate their parent 
nativity. 

So far as the facts distinguishing the purely city-bred girls 
from those whose childhood was spent in the country are con- 
cerned, but 5, or 0.71 per cent of the whole number, failed to 
give the information. Of the 700 making returns, we find 
that 201, or 28.51 per cent of the whole number, spent their 
life in the city between the ages of three and eight years ; 465, 
or 65.96 per cent, spent their life in the country, and 34, or 
4.82 per cent, divided their time, for the same period, between 
both city and country. Between the ages of eight and fourteen 
years, also, a similar condition of life, so far as the city or 
country is concerned, is apparent. In other words, 215, or 



60 



STATISTICS OF LABOR. 



30.50 per cent, were living in the city ; 452, or 64.11 per cent, 
were in the country, and 33, or 4.68 per cent, lived in both city 
and country. Notwithstanding the closeness of results indi- 
cated for the two periods of childhood named, it is found that 
in considering the facts as regards their entire childhood, or 
from three to fourteen years of age, that but 165, or 23.40 per 
cent, spent their whole time during childhood in the city alone ; 
that 411, or 58.30 per cent, lived only in the country, while 
124, or 17.59 per cent, were at some period of their childhood 
in both city and country. 

Although 161 do not give the number of hours of out-door 
exercise taken daily between the ages of eight and fourteen 
years, it is evident that a very large proportion of the whole 
number did not lack for proper exercise at this period of their 
lives. The failure to answer on the part of so large a number 
is due undoubtedly to uncertainty as to the exact number of 
hours ; other than this there can be no cause for the omission. 
For the 544 graduates who do report out-door exercise between 
the ages mentioned, the time varied from one to ten hours daily, 
the average number for each being 4.01 hours. 

From the tables, under conditions of childhood, giving the 
age at beginning study, age at entering college, age at graduat- 
ing from college, and present age, and the table, under individ- 
ual health, giving the age at beginning of menstrual period, 
we have compiled the following table of 

Averages. 



Average Age. 



At begin- 
ning study. 



At begin- 
ning of men- 
strual period. 



At entering 
College. 



At gradu- 
ating from 
College. 



At present 
time. 



Boston, . 

Cornell, 

Kansas, 
Mass. I. T., 
Michigan, 
Oberlrn, 

Smith, . 
Syracuse, 

\ 'assar, . 

Wellesley, 
Wesley an, 
Wisconsin, 



All Colleges 



5.25 
5.31 
5.25 
6.00 
5.38 
4.95 
5.64 
5 69 
5.91 
5 51 
4.50 
5.49 



13.89 
13.94 
13.65 
13.67 
13.49 
13.58 
13.48 
13.76 
13.61 
13.56 
13.60 
13.57 



19.61 
19.43 
16.32 
21.00 
19.26 
19.69 
19.19 
19.65 
17.81 
1834 
20.00 
17.98 



5 64 



13.62 



18.35 



23.36 
23.09 

21.75 
24.00 
23.22 
24.10 
22.69 
23.47 
2196 
22.24 
24.00 
21.69 



22.39 



26.72 
26.66 
26.35 
25.67 
29.00 
41.74 
25.02 
28.24 
28.95 
24.90 
29.00 
27.24 



28.58 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 6L 

By an analysis of this table of averages, we find that, for all 
colleges, the average age at beginning study was 5.64 years; 
the average age at beginning of menstrual period, 13.62 years ; 
the average age at entering college, 18.35 years; the average 
age at graduating from college, 22.39 years; and the average 
age at the present time, 28.58 years. By present time, we 
mean July, 1883, the time at which the majority of the 
schedules were filled out and returned. The averages pre- 
sented for all colleges represent very nearly the facts as regards 
the individual college, except in the case of present age, which 
is slightly in excess of the averages reported for eight out of 
the twelve colleges. This excess is due to the fact that the 
average present age reported for the graduates of Oberlin col- 
lege, or 41.74 years, is very much higher than the average age 
reported for any other college. Without Oberlin college, the 
average present age of the graduates of the other eleven col- 
leges is 27.81 years. Of the 39 graduates of Oberlin college, 
15 report their present age as being from 45 to 76 years, whereas 
the ages reported by the graduates of any one of the other 
colleges do not exceed 44 years. 

From the recapitulation of the table showing the age at be- 
ginning study, we learn that 289 began study at home, 400 
began study in a school, and 16 returned no answer. From 
this table, also, we find that of the 705 graduates 148 attended 
boarding school before entering college. 

Turning to the table showing college conditions, we find for 
college study that 4, or 0.57 per cent, studied but little while 
at college; 438, or 62.13 per cent, studied moderately; 64, or 
9.08 per cent, between moderately and severely, and 199, or 
28.22 per cent, severely. 

For college worry, the facts are as follows : — 172, or 24.40 
per cent, worried over their studies; 89, or 12.62 per cent, 
over personal affairs; 131, or 18.58 per cent, worried over 
both studies and affairs, while 313, or 44.40 per cent, worried 
over neither studies nor affairs. 

In the way of college exercise, walking seemed to be the 
most prevalent, 601 doing a certain amount daily alone or in 
conjunction with other exercise, such as riding, rowing, danc- 
ing, gymnastics, etc. ; the number reporting riding as a princi- 
pal exercise was 42; the number reporting gymnastics, 266, 



62 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 

and for housework, 39. The average amount of exercise daily 
is indicated in distance, for those who walked, as being 2.5 miles, 
and for other exercise 1.2 hours. 

As regards college habits, 637, or 90.35 per cent, had regu- 
lar hours for eating, and 578, or 81.99 per cent, regular hours 
for sleeping; 68, or 9.65 per cent, and 127, or 18.01 per cent, 
respectively, had no regular hours for eating or sleeping. 

During the menstrual period, 239, or 33.90 per cent, ab- 
stained from physical exercise while at college ; 2, or 0.28 per 
cent, from mental exercise only; and 73, or 10.36 percent, 
from both physical and mental exercise. More than one-half 
of the graduates, or 391, which is 55.46 per cent of the whole 
number, did not answer this inquiry, probably indicating no 
particular cessation in exercise, physical or mental. 

Comparatively few entered society during college life, the 
figures indicating this point showing that 338, or 47.94 per 
cent, did not enter society at all; 322, or 45.68 per cent, but 
little, and 28, or 3.97 per cent, a good deal. The facts as 
regards 17, or 2.41 per cent, aie not given. 

The larger part of the college graduates had room-mates while 
at college, 581 reporting a room-mate, and 124 roomed alone. 

After the completion of the college course, we find the grad- 
uates occupied in various ways. Of those who have entered 
upon household duties, 24 did housework only, and 270 in 
connection with some other occupation ; 37 were engaged in 
professional work only, and 112 in professional and other occu- 
pation ; 130 took up teaching as their sole occupation, while 
224 were engaged in teaching in conjunction with other occu- 
pations. In the same way, it is seen that 249 were occupied 
with work of an intellectual nature, 107 with study, 105 
philanthropy, and 210 with social duties, all of which occupa- 
tions were usually carried forward in connection with other 
occupation or attention to other cares and duties. 

The average duration of each occupation was as follows : — 
household, 5.2 years; professional, 3.8 years; teaching, 3.6 
years; intellectual, 4.1 years; study, 2.9 years; philanthropy, 
4.1 years; and social, 4.8 years. The average for all occupa- 
tions was 4 years. 

Of the 705 graduates, 509, or 72.2 per cent, are single at the 
present time, and 196, or 27.8 per cent, are married. These 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 



63 



196 have been married, on the average, 6.7 years; 130 have 
had children, and 6Q have had no children. Of the whole 
number of children, or 263, 232 are living, and 31 have died; 
of the children living, 208 are in good health, 15 in poor, and 
for 9 the health is not given. The average present age of 
children living is 6.0 years. 

The averages presented for Oberlin college, showing the 
average number of years married and the average present age 
of children living are, as previously referred to, greatly in 
excess of the averages stated for the other colleges. 

Of the whole number of graduates from or concerning whom 
returns were received, but 8 were reported as being dead. 

The physical condition of each graduate has been shown to 
be either "excellent," "good," "fair," "indifferent," or 
"poor," for the following five age periods : — from 3 to 8 years 
of age ; from 8 to 14 years of age ; at time of entering college ; 
during college life, and since graduation. In the summary 
table, which we now present, we shall show the number and 
percentage, for each of the five age periods named, of those 
whose health has been excellent or good ; the number and per- 
centage of those whose health has been fair, and the number 
and percentage of those whose health has been indifferent or 
poor. In the analysis of the comparison tables, so far as 
health is concerned, this condensation of the state of health 
will be used, as best representing the extremes, or good and poor 
health, and the intermediate state, or fair health. The summary 
table of physical condition, for all colleges only, follows. 



Physical Condition. 



Summary. 





Excellent or 
Good. 


Fair. 


Indifferent or 
Poor. 


Aggregates. 


Age Periods. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


From 3 to 8 years of age, 
From 8 to 14 years of age, 
At entering college, . 
During college life, . 
Since graduation, 


541 
517 
551 
528 
549 


76.74 
73.33 
78.16 
74.89 

77.87 


13 
21 
14 
55 

36 


1.84 
2.98 
1.98 
7.80 
5.11 


151 
167 
140 
122 
120 


21.42 
23.69 
19.86 
17.31 
17.02 


1 705 


100.00 



From the foregoing summary of physical condition, it will 
be seen that the results for the specified state of health, for 
each of the periods considered, vary but slightly. For instance, 
for those who have been in excellent or good health, we find 



64 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 

that 541, or 76.74 per cent of the whole number, were in ex- 
cellent or good health between the ages of 3 and 8 years ; 517, 
or 73.33 per cent, between 8 and 14 years of age; 551, or 
78.16 per cent, at entering college; 528, or 74.87 per cent, 
during college life, and 549, or 77.87 per cent, since gradua- 
tion. If we consider these percentages as indicating for cer- 
tain of the periods a falling off from the standard of excellent 
or good, and also subsequent recovery wholly or in part, we 
find that 3.41 per cent less report their state of health to be 
unchanged in the second period as compared with the first ; 
this loss of health was more than recovered in the next period, 
however, 4.83 per cent more reporting excellent or good health 
than for the preceding period ; for the fourth period, or during 
college life, another decline is noted, 3.27 per cent less report- 
ing excellent or good health ; this decline was practically over- 
come in the fifth period, or since graduation, by an increase in 
excellent or good health of 2.98 per cent. The general average 
percentage showing excellent or good health for all periods is 
76 20 per cent. In the same way, the fluctuation in the per- 
centages showing fair health and indifferent or poor health can 
be easily traced. For the period marking health during college 
life it will be seen that the decline of 3.27 per cent from excel- 
lent or good health is comprehended in the increase of number 
reporting fair health for the same period; the percentage of 
increase for fair health for this period as compared with that 
preceding is 5.82 per cent, the excess of this percentage of 
increase over the percentage of loss reported for excellent or good 
health being accounted for by an increase of health during college 
life among those who at the time of entering college were in 
indifferent or poor health. In other words, during college life, 
3.27 per cent declined from excellent or good to fair, and 2.55 
per cent advanced from indifferent or poor to fair health. It 
should be noticed, also, that although 21.42 per cent and 23.69 
per cent, respectively, were in indifferent or poor health for the 
first two periods named, but 17.31 per cent and 17.02 per cent, 
respectively, reported a similar state of health during college 
life and since graduation showing a steady advance so far as 
indifferent or poor health is concerned. 

From the table showing nervousness, it appears that 28 were 
naturally nervous before entering college, 74 are nervous at the 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 



65 



present time, 231 were naturally nervous before entering col- 
lege and are also nervous at the present time, that is, have 
always been nervous, while 372 are not naturally of a nervous 
disposition. 

We have seen in the table of averages presented in the con- 
sideration of conditions of childhood that the average age at 

© © 

beginning of the menstrual period was 13.62 years. In the table 
showing the conditions attending the menstrual period, we have 
presented the results as reported at the time of development, 
during college life, and since graduation, and in the following 
table show the number of graduates, and percentages, for each 
college who have experienced no trouble at any time during the 
menstrual period. 

Number reporting No Trouble during the Menstrual Period. 





Whole 2SJ umber 


Number who 




Colleges. 


of Graduates 


have experienced 


Percentages. 




considered. 


no trouble. 




Boston 


29 


4 


13.79 


Cornell, 






36 


3 


8.33 


Kansas, 






20 


3 


15.00 


Mass. I. T., . 






3 


1 


33.33 


Michigan, 






46 


14 


30 43 


Oberlin, 






39 


11 


28.21 


Smith, . 






43 


9 


20.93 


Syracuse, 






17 


5 


2941 


Vassar, . 






344 


82 


23.84 


Wellesley, 






71 


20 


28.17 


Wesleyan, 






6 


1 


16.67 


Wisconsin, . 






51 


16 


31.37 


All Collegi 


is, 




705 


169 


23.97 



From this table, it will be seen that, of the 705 graduates 
considered, 169, or 23.97 per cent, have experienced no trouble 
at any time during the menstrual period. 

Considering the tables giving the facts as regards disorders, 
we find that 417 report disorders and 288 no disorders. Of 
the 417 graduates who report disorders as occurring at some 
time during their lives, we find that 



174 report one disorder, 
131 report two disorders, 
60 report three disorders, 
26 l'eport four disorders, 
17 report five disorders, 



3 report six disorders, 

4 report seven disorders, 
1 report eight disorders, 
1 report nine disorders. 



66 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 

In the table showing the number reporting each disorder, we 
give not only the number reporting the particular disorder only 
but, also, the number who have had other disorders in addition 
to the disorder specified. From the totals for each disorder 
indicating the whole number who have had any particular dis- 
order, we bring forward the following results : — 

Twenty report disorders of the heart ; 30, of the brain ; 68, of the 
lungs ; 98, of the stomach ; 49, of the liver ; 64, of the bowels ; 112, 
of the generative organs ; 26, of the urinary organs ; 8, of the osseous 
system ; 137, of the nervous system ; 18, of the muscular sj-stem ; and 
12, of the eyes; 62 have been troubled with neuralgia; 56, with 
rheumatism; 1, with abscess; 3, with some disorder of the blood; 
8, with catarrh ; 10, with constitutional weakness; 8, with develop- 
mental diseases; 30, with fevers; 4, with general debility; 10, with 
malaria; 6, with measles; 2, with mumps; 1, with scrofula; 1, with 
a skin disease ; 20, with throat ; and 1, with a tumor. 

Of the 417 reporting disorders, 276 give the cause or causes 
of disorders and for 141 no cause is reported. One hundred 
and thirty-five consider constitutional weakness to have been 
the cause of disorder; 81, bad sanitary conditions; 81, intel- 
lectual overwork; 73, emotional strain, and 47, physical acci- 
dent. 

In a large number of cases, more than one cause was stated 
for the disorders returned on the schedule, but owing to the 
failure, on the part of the graduate making the return, to care- 
fully identify each disorder with its immediate cause, it has been 
impossible to present accurately the time and cause for each 
disorder. It has been attempted, therefore, only in the case 
of the final series of comparison tables showing the condition 
of graduates who studied severely while at college. 

From the first series of comparison tables, which show con- 
ditions of childhood, hereditary tendency to disease, and health 
of parents, as compared with present health of graduates, it 
will be seen that of the 587 who reported both parents native, 
the present health of 459, or 78.19 percent, is excellent or 
good ; 30, or 5.-11 per cent, are in fair health, and 98, or 16.70 
per cent, are in indifferent or poor health. Of the 45 who had 
either a foreign father or foreign mother, 34, or 75.56 per cent, 
are in excellent or good health : 2, or 4.44 per cent, are in fair 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 67 

health, and 9, or 20 per cent, are in indifferent or poor health. 
Of the 69 who had both parents foreign, 53, or 76.81 per cent, 
are in excellent or good health ; 3, or 4.35 per cent, are in fair 
health, and 13, or 18.84 per cent, are in indifferent or poor 
health. 

For out-door exercise, between the ages of eight and fourteen 
years, 28 took under two hours of exercise daily. The present 
health of 20, or 71.43 per cent, is excellent or good; of 1, or 
3.57 per cent, fair, and of 7, or 25.00 per cent, indifferent or 
poor. From two to six hours of exercise daily were taken, 
between the ages indicated, by 442 graduates. Three hundred 
and forty-three, or 77.60 per cent, are in excellent or good 
health at the present time ; 24, or 5.43 per cent, in fair health, 
and 75, or 16.97 per cent, in indifferent or poor health. In 
the same way, we find for the 74 who took over six hours of 
exercise daily, that 59, or 79.73 per cent, have at present 
excellent or good health ; 3, or 4.05 per cent, fair, and 12, or 
16.22 per cent, indifferent or poor health. 

In comparing the age at beginning study with present health, 
it seems that, of the whole number, or 361, who began study 
at five years or under, 273, or 75.62 per cent, are in excellent 
or good health; 23, or 6.37 per cent, fair, and 65, or 18.01 
per cent, indifferent or poor. For those who were over five 
years when they began study, or 328, 262, or 79.88 per cent, 
are in excellent or good health; 13, or 3.96 per cent, are in 
fair health, and 53, or 16.16 per cent, are in indifferent or poor 
health. 

Considering, also, the age at entering college as compared 
with present health, we find that for the 128 who entered col- 
lege at 16 years or under, 97, or 75.78 per cent, have excel- 
lent or good health ; 8, or 6.25 per cent, fair, and 23, or 17.97 
per cent, indifferent or poor health. For those who entered 
college between 17 and 19 years of age, 410 in number, the 
present health of 327, or 79.76 per cent, is excellent or good ; 
of 20, or 4.88 per cent, fair, and of 63, or 15.36 per cent, 
indifferent or poor. For those who entered college at 20 years 
of age or over, 121, or 74.69 per cent of the whole number, or 
162, are in excellent or good health; 8, or 4.94 per cent, are 
in fair health, and 33, or 20.37 per cent, are in indifferent or 
poor health. 



68 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 

Turning to the table showing the time of entering college 
after beginning of menstrual period as compared with present 
health, w r e find that of the 4 who entered college one year 
before the beginning of the menstrual period 3 are in excellent 
or good health, and 1 in indifferent or poor health ; and, also, 
that one who entered two years before is in fair health ; that of 
the 9 who entered the same year, 7, or 77.78 per cent, are in 
excellent or good health, and one each, or 11.11 per cent for 
each state of health, in fair, and in indifferent or poor health ; 
that 34 entered one year after, and of this number 26, or 76.47 
per cent, have excellent or good, 1, or 2.94 per cent, fair, and 
7, or 20.59 per cent, indifferent or poor health ; that 72 entered 
two years after, and 54, or 75.00 per cent, have excellent or 
good, 3, or 4.17 per cent, fair, and 15, or 20.83 per cent, 
indifferent or poor health ; that 327 entered from three to five 
years after, and 251, or 76.76 per cent, have excellent or good, 
18, or 5.50 per cent, fair, and 58, or 17.74 per cent, indifferent 
or poor health ; and, finally, that 214 entered later than five 
years after, and 170, or 79.44 per cent, have excellent or good, 
11, or 5.14 per cent, fair, and 33, or 15.42 per cent, indifferent 
or poor health. 

From the table showing health of parents as compared with 
present health of graduates, we find first that for 214, or 30.35 
per cent, both parents are in good health ; for 33, or 4.68 per 
cent, both parents are in poor health ; for 70, or 9.93 per cent, 
both parents are dead ; for 140, or 19.86 per cent, one parent 
is in good health and the other poor; for 193, or 27.38 per 
cent, one parent is in good health, and the other parent is 
dead; for 52, or 7.38 per cent, one parent is in poor health 
and the other is dead; and for 3, or 0.42 per cent, the health 
of parents is not given. Comparing health of parents with the 
present health of graduates, it is seen that of the 214 graduates 
who reported both parents as being in good health, 173, or 
80.84 per cent, are in excellent or good health ; 9, or 4.21 per 
cent, fair, and 32, or 14.95 per cent, indifferent or poor health. 
Of the 33 whose parents are both in poor health, 20, or 60.61 
per cent, are in excellent or good health ; 3, or 9.09 per cent, 
in fair, and 10, or 30.30 per cent, in indifferent or poor health. 
Of the 70 graduates whose parents are both dead, 53, or 75.72 
per cent, are in excellent or good health ; 5, or 7.14 per cent, 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 69 

in fair, and 12, or 17.14 per cent, in indifferent or poor health. 
Of the 140 who returned the health of one parent as good and 
of the other as poor, 108, or 77.14 per cent, are in excellent or 
good health ; 4, or 2.86 per cent, in fair, and 28, or 20.00 per 
cent, in indifferent or poor health. For those who report one 
parent as being dead and the health of the other as good, 193 
in number, we find that 154, or 79.79 per cent, are in excellent 
or good health ; 12, or 6.22 per cent, in fair, and 27, or 13.99 
per cent, in indifferent or poor health. For the 52 who also 
report one parent as being dead but state the health of the 
other as poor, we find that 38, or 73.08 per cent, are in excel- 
lent or good health; 3, or 5.77 per cent, in fair, and 11, or 
21.15 per cent, in indifferent or poor health. 

From this analysis, it will be seen that, for the 214 gradu- 
ates who reported good health for both parents, there is an 
increase in the present excellent or good health of 2.97 per 
cent over the average good health of all the graduates, and a 
corresponding decrease in number reporting fair and indifferent 
or poor health ; on the other hand, there is a decline in health 
from excellent or good, for those who reported both parents as 
in poor health, of 17.26 per cent, and a proportionate increase 
in number reporting fair and indifferent or poor health. 

Considering the results shown in the table indicating heredi- 
tary tendency to disease as compared with present health, we 
find in the first place that 18, or 2.55 per cent of the whole 
number of graduates, have inherited a tendency to disease from 
the father only; 34, or 4.82 per cent, from the mother only; 
12, or 1.70 per cent, from both father and mother ; 178, or 25.25 
per cent, from either father or mother, the particular parent 
not being specified; while 463, or 65.68 per cent, have no 
hereditary tendency to disease. Considered as regards present 
health, we find that of those who inherit tendency from the 
father, 13, or 72.22 per cent, are in excellent or good health ; 
3, or 16.67 per cent, in fair, and 2, or 11.11 per cent, in indif- 
ferent or poor health. Of those who inherit tendency from the 
mother, 25, or 73.53 per cent, are in excellent or good health ; 
2, or 5.88 per cent, in fair, and 7, or 20.59 per cent, in indif- 
ferent or poor health. Of those who inherit tendency from 
both parents, 7, or 58.33 per cent, are in excellent or good 
health, and 5, or 41.67 per cent, in indifferent or poor health. 



70 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 

For those who did not specify the particular parent, we find that 
131, or 73.60 per cent, are in excellent or good health ; 12, or 
6.74 per cent, in fair, and 35, or 19 66 per cent, in indifferent 
or poor health. And, finally, for those who have no hereditary 
tendency to disease, we find that 373, or 80.56 per cent, are in 
excellent or good health ; 19, or 4.10 per cent, in fair, and 71, 
or 15.34 per cent, in indifferent or poor health. 

From this analysis, it is seen that, for those who report a 
tendency to disease from the father, there has been a decline 
in excellent or good health of 5.65 per cent as compared with 
the average present good health for all graduates, an increase 
of 11.56 per cent in number of those in fair health, and a 
decline, also, of 5.91 per cent in number in indifferent or poor 
health. For those who report a tendency from the mother, and 
for those, also, who did not specify the particular parent, the 
same decline practically from excellent or good health may be 
noted, but with a marked increase in the number who are in 
indifferent or poor health, the number in fair health not greatly 
exceeding the average. For those who inherited tendency 
from both parents, however, a decline in excellent or good 
health of 19.54 per cent, and an increase in number in indiffer- 
ent or poor health of 24.65 per cent is plainly evident. The 
percentage indicating present excellent or good health for those 
who have no hereditary tendency to disease shows an increase 
of health of 2.69 per cent, a decrease of 1.01 per cent in num- 
ber reporting fair health, and a decrease of 1.68 per cent for 
indifferent or poor health. 

In the second series of comparison tables, which relate to cer- 
tain college conditions as compared with health during college 
life, etc. , we have established the following facts. From the first 
table in which the age at entering college is compared with 
health during college life, we show first that of the whole num- 
ber, 705, 138, or 19.58 per cent, report a deterioration in 
health, 418, or 59.29 per cent, have had no change, and 149, 
or 21.13 per cent, show an improvement in health, without 
regard to age at entering college. Of the 138 whose health 
deteriorated, 42 report a deterioration from excellent to good, 
or a slight change only ; 28 from excellent or good to fair; 55 
from excellent or good to indifferent or poor ; 4 from fair to 
indifferent or poor ; and 9 from indifferent to poor. 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 71 

Compared second with the age at entering college, we find 
that of the 128 who entered at the age of 16 years and under, 
36, or 28.12 per cent, report a deterioration in health, of which 
13 was from excellent to good only ; 70, or 54.69 per cent, no 
change, and 22, or 17.19 per cent, an improvement. Of the 
410 who entered college between the ages of 17 and 19 years, 
71, or 17.32 per cent, show deterioration, of which 21 was 
from excellent to good; 258, or 62.93 per cent, no change, 
and 81, or 19.75 per cent, an improvement. Of those who 
entered at twenty years of age and over, 162 in number, 29, 
or 17.90 per cent, report a deterioration, of which 8 was from 
excellent to good; 87, or 53.70 per cent, no change, and 46, 
or 28.40 per cent, an improvement. 

At about the same time that the answers to inquiries con- 
cerning the female college graduates were being received, or in 
1883, this Bureau made a very thorough investigation into the 
condition of the working girls of Boston, the results forming a 
part of the fifteenth annual report of the Bureau. If, for pur- 
poses of comparison, we consider the health reported by the 
1,032 girls comprehended by the investigation, we find that 
952, or 92.2 per cent, had good health at time of beginning 
work, and that 786, or 76.2 per cent, were in good health at 
the time of the investigation, or a loss of 16 per cent in num- 
ber reporting good health at time of investigation as compared 
with the number who had good health at time of beginning 
work. 

Comparing the number of graduates whose health deteriorated 
during college life with the deterioration in health during work- 
ing time reported by the working girls of Boston, we find the 
following results : — 

Of the 705 female college graduates, 138, or 19.58 percent, 
show a deterioration in health during college life, and of the 
1,032 working girls, 166, or 16.09 per cent, show a deteriora- 
tion in health during working time, these figures indicating a 
greater loss of health of 3.49 per cent reported by the college 
graduates. For the 166 working girls, whose health dete- 
riorated, 4 had quite good health at the time of the investiga- 
tion, 128 were in fair health,, and 34 in poor health. Of 
the 138 college graduates whose health deteriorated, how- 
ever, 42 report a decline in health from excellent to good, 



72 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 

or a slight change only. If we consider that excellent or good 
health represents the same general condition of health, as 
more nearly corresponding to the highest state of health, or 
good health, reported by the working girls, we find that 96 
female college graduates show an appreciable deterioration in 
health during college life, indicating a loss of health for 13.62 
per cent of the whole number as compared with a similar loss 
of health for the working; girls during working time of 16.09 
per cent, or a greater loss of health of 2.47 per cent reported 
by the working girls of Boston. 

In the second table in which we compare college study and 
college worry with health during college life, we find first for 
college study, that of the 528 who reported excellent or good 
health during college life, 2 studied but little, 344 moderately, 
43 moderately to severely, and 139 severely ; of the 5,5 who 
had fair health, 1 studied but little, 27 moderately, 10 moder- 
ately to severely, and 17 severely; of the 122 whose health 
was indifferent or poor, 1 studied but little, 67 moderately, 11 
moderately to severely, and 43 severely. For college worry, 
we also find that 128, of the 528 whose health was excellent or 
good, worried over studies, 57 over personal affairs, 78 over 
both studies and affairs, and 265 over neither studies nor affairs ; 
for those who reported fair health, 11 worried over studies, 10 
personal affairs, 1 L both, and 23 neither ; for those in indifferent 
or poor health, 33 worried over studies, 22 personal affairs, 42 
both, and 25 neither. 

From the same table we find second for college study that of 
the whole number, or 4, who studied but little, 2, or 50.00 
per cent, had excellent or good health during college life, and 
1 each, or 25 per cent, fair, and indifferent or poor health ; of 
the 438 who studied moderately, 344, or 78.54 per cent, had 
excellent or good health, 27, or 6.16 per cent, fair, and 67, 
or 15.30 per cent, indifferent or poor health; 43, or 67.19 per 
cent, of the 64 who studied moderately to severely, had excel- 
lent or good health, 10, or 15.62 per cent, fair, and 11, or 
17.19 per cent, indifferent or poor health; and of the 199 
who studied severely, L39, or 69.85 per cent, had excellent or 
good health, 17, or 8.54 per cent, fair, and 43, or 21.61 per 
cent, indifferent or poor health. 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 73 

For college worry, we find second that of the 172 who wor- 
ried over studies, 128, or 74.42 per cent, had excellent or good 
health, 11, or 6.39 per cent, fair, and 33, or 19.19 per cent, 
indifferent or poor health ; of the 89 who worried over personal 
affairs, 57, or 64.04 per cent, had excellent or good health, 10, 
or 11.24 per cent, fair, and 22, or 24.72 per cent, indifferent 
or poor health ; of the 131 who worried over both studies and 
personal affairs, 78, or 59.54 per cent, had excellent or good 
health, 11, or 8.40 per cent, fair, and 42, or 32.06 per cent, 
indifferent or poor health ; and of 313 who worried over neither 
studies nor personal affairs, 265, or 84.66 per cent, had excel- 
lent or good health, 23, or 7.35 per cent, fair, and 25, or 7.99 
per cent, indifferent or poor health. 

Of the 28 who entered society a good deal during college 
life, 19 are in excellent or good health at the present time, 1 in 
fair health, and 8 in indifferent or poor health. 

In the final series of comparison tables, we take the number 
who studied severely and moderately to severely, or 263 in 
number, and compare health at time of entering college and 
during college life with health at the present time ; give the 
disorders reported by them, and finally show, so far as possi- 
ble, the time and cause of each disorder. 

From the first table it will be seen that 187, or 71.10 per 
cent, had excellent or good health at time of entering college, 
8, or 3.04 per cent, fair, and 68, or 25.86 per cent, indifferent 
or poor health ; that during college life, 183, or 69.58 per cent, 
had excellent or good health, 27, or 10.27 per cent, fair, and 
53, or 20.15 per cent, indifferent or poor health ; and that since 
graduation, 189, or 71.86 per cent, have had excellent or good 
health, 24, or 9.13 per cent, fair, and 50, or 19.01 per cent, 
indifferent or poor health. 

Of the 263 who studied severely, 181 report disorders, and 
82 no disorders. For the 181 reporting disorders, we find the 
present health of 113, or 62.43 per cent, to be excellent or 
good, 23, or 12.71 per cent, fair, and 45, or 24.86 per cent, 
indifferent or poor. For the 82 reporting no disorders, the 
present health of 76, or 92.68 per cent, is found to be excellent 
or good, 1, or 1.22 per cent, fair, and 5, or 6.10 per cent, in- 
different or poor. 

Of the 181 reporting disorders, 63 had one disorder ; 58 two 



74 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 

disorders ; 33 three disorders ; 16 four disorders ; 8 five dis- 
orders ; and 1 each six, eight, and nine disorders. 

Thirteen report disorders of the heart ; 12, of the brain ; 33, 
of the lungs ; 47, of the stomach ; 25, of the liver; 29, of the 
bowels, 5 L, of the generative organs ; 9, of the urinary organs ; 

4, of the osseous system ; 69, of the nervous system ; 9, of the 
muscular system ; 31, neuralgia; 23, rheumatism; 4, catarrh; 

5, constitutional weakness; 3, developmental; 5, of eyes ; 15, 
fevers ; 1, general debility ; 2, malaria ; 5 measles ; 2, mumps ; 
1, scrofula; and 7, throat. 

The last table gives the time of each disorder, as occurring 
either before college, before and at college, at college, at and 
after college, after college, or before, at and after college. It 
also shows the cause, as either constitutional weakness, bad 
sanitary conditions, intellectual overwork, emotional strain, 
physical accident, or as due to a combination of two or more of 
these causes. For both time and cause, a large number are 
given as "not given," the result, as previously indicated, of 
imperfect classification or entire omission on the part of certain 
of the graduates making returns The results shown by the 
table are sufficiently explicit and do not require special men- 
tion or particular analysis. 

SUMMARY OF RESULTS. 

Referring briefly to the results as shown by the tables, i 
appears : — 

That the graduates are largely of American parentage ; that 
the greater part of them spent their childhood in the country, 
and had a fair amount of out-door exercise daily. 

That 57 per cent began study in a school, and 41 per cent at 
home, the remaining two per cent failing to answer ; that the 
average age at which they began study was 5.64 years, at 
entering college 18.35 years, at graduating from college 22.39 
years ; and that the average present age is 28.58 years. 

That during college life the majority studied but moder- 
ately ; that 44 per cent did not worry over their studies or 
affairs ; that they were generally regular as regards hours for 
eating and sleeping, took a proper amount of physical exercise 
daily, and, as regards nearly one-half of them, abstained from 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 75 

exercise wholly or in part during the menstrual period ; that, 
as a rule, they entered society but little, and for the most part 
had college room-mates. 

That since graduation all seem to have found congenial occu- 
pation, a great many as teachers, while eight only are occupied 
with social duties to the exclusion of other occupation. 

That about one-fourth have married, and that of the whole 
number of children borne by them, the greater part are living 
and in good health. 

That, for all the various periods of their lives, the health of 
over three-fourths of the graduates has been either excellent or 
good ; that during 1 college life a slight falling off from excel- 
lent or good health is apparent, resulting in an increase in 
number reporting fair health, while, on the other hand, the 
number reporting indifferent or poor health is smaller than for 
any preceding period and but slightly in excess of the number 
reporting the same conditions of health for the succeeding 
period, or since graduation. 

That over one-half of the graduates are not and have not 
been troubled with nervousness, and that nearly 25 per cent 
have had no trouble at any time during the menstrual period. 

That about 60 per cent have had some disorder, the more com- 
mon disorders reported relating to the stomach, liver, bowels, 
lungs, nervous system, generative organs, neuralgic and rheu- 
matic affections, and to a certain extent to the heart and brain. 

That the most prevalent cause of disorders is constitutional 
weakness, the other causes being bad sanitary conditions, intel- 
lectual overwork, emotional strain, and physical accident. 

That the varying conditions of childhood, as shown in the 
comparison tables, have had no marked influence for good or 
evil upon the present health of graduates. 

That the present health of graduates seems to have been 
affected according as their parents have enjoyed either good or 
poor health, the figures showing three per cent increase in 
health for those whose parents were both in good health, and a 
decline in health of over 17 per cent for those whose parents 
were both in poor health. 

That so far as inherited tendency to disease is concerned, a 
decline in health has also taken place, as compared with the 
average good health of all the graduates, those inheriting ten- 



76 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 

dency to disease from either parent showing a decline in health 
of three to five per cent, those inheriting tendency to disease 
from both parents of nearly 20 per cent, while in the case of 
those Avho have no hereditary tendency to disease, there has 
been an increase of nearly three per cent in good health. 

That during college life about 20 per cent show a deterio- 
ration in health, 60 per cent no change, and 20 per cent an 
improvement ; that for those who entered college at 1 6 years 
of age or under, an increased deterioration in health of between 
10 and 11 per cent as compared with those who entered at a 
later age is observed, and of over eight per cent as compared 
with the whole number whose health deteriorated. 

That during college life there was nearly two and one-half per 
cent less deterioration in health as compared with the deterio- 
ration in health reported during working time by the working 
girls of Boston. 

That those who studied moderately show an increase in 
health of over three per cent as compared with average good 
health during college life for all graduates, while those who 
studied severely or moderately to severely show a decline of 
from five to seven per cent as compared with average health 
during college life. 

That, as compared with average good health during college 
life for all graduates, those who worried over studies alone 
show no perceptible change in health ; those who worried over 
personal affairs, a decline in health of over 10 per cent ; those 
who worried over both studies and affairs, a decline in health 
of 15 per cent, while those who worried over neither studies 
nor affairs show an increase in health of ten per cent. 

That for those graduates who studied severely during col- 
lege life, as compared with the average good health of all 
graduates, a decrease in health of seven per cent at time of 
entering college is shown ; during college life a decrease in 
health of over five per cent, and since graduation of exactly 
six per cent ; that if, on the other hand, the health of these 
graduates at time of entering, during college life, and since 
graduation are compared with each other, without regard to 
the health of all the graduates for the three periods, there was 
a decrease in health during college life of less than two per 
cent, an increase in health, since graduation of three-fourths of 



COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 77 

one per cent as compared with health at time of entering col- 
lege, and of over two and one-fourth per cent as compared with 
health during college life ; and finally — 

That although the average good health of these graduates 
who studied severely was considerably less than the average 
good health of all the graduates for the three periods consid- 
ered, their health did not suffer material deterioration during 
college life and has more than recovered since graduation its 
normal state at time of entering college. 

The facts which we have presented would seem to warrant 
the assertion, as the legitimate conclusion to be drawn from a 
careful study of the tables, that the seeking of a college educa- 
tion on the part of women does not in itself necessarily entail 
a loss of health or serious impairment of the vital forces. 
Indeed, the tables show this so conclusively that there is little 
need, were it within our province, for extended discussion of 
the subject. 

The graduates, as a body, entered college in good health, 
passed through the course of study prescribed without material 
change in health, and since graduation, by reason of the effort 
required to gain a higher education, do not seem to have become, 
unfitted to meet the responsibilities or bear their proportionate 
share of the burdens of life. 

It is true that there has been, and it was to be expected that 
there would be, a certain deterioration in health on the part of 
some of the graduates. On the other hand, an almost identi- 
cal improvement in health for a like number was reported, 
showing very plainly that we must look elsewhere for the 
causes of the greater part of this decline in health during college 
life. If we attempt to trace the cause, we find that this deterio- 
ration is largely due, not to the requirements of college life par- 
ticularly, but to predisposing causes natural to the graduates 
themselves, born in them, as it were, and for which college life or 
study should not be made responsible. A girl constitutionally 
weak is always at a disadvantage, and naturally would suffer a 
deterioration in health, temporary possibly or even permanent, 
if at the most trying period of her life, from 18 to 22 years, 
she seeks superior education. At the same time, we should not 
fail to emphasize the fact that fully thirty per cent of the total 



78 STATISTICS OF LABOR. 

deterioration in health during college life was from excellent to 
good only. In the case of those graduates who studied severely, 
even, the facts reported concerning their physical condition do 
not show that they have suffered materially from the effects of 
close application, but that they have since graduation returned 
to the normal condition reported by them at the time of enter- 
ing college. 

In conclusion, it is sufficient to say that the female graduates 
of our colleges and universities do not seem to show, as the re- 
sult of their college studies and duties, any marked difference 
in general health from the average health likely to be reported 
by an equal number of women engaged in other kinds of work, 
or, in fact, of women generally without regard to occupation 
followed. 






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